Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour ...

Two studies examined differences in the cognition of golfers with differing levels of expertise in high and low pressure situations. In study 1, six high skill and six low skill golfers performed six holes of golf, while verbalizing their thoughts using Think Aloud (TA) protocol. Higher skilled golfers' cognitive processes centered more on planning in comparison to lower skilled golfers. Study ...

In this survey study, graduates of the University of Western Ontario program for foreign-trained dentists from 1999 to 2009 were asked for their perceptions of their knowledge and skill in fourteen clinical topic areas before they were admitted to the program and after graduation. Their ratings were made on a ten-point visual analog scale divided into three aptitude domains: competent, proficie...

The goal of collision-free path planning is to find a continuous path from a starting position to goal position without any collisions. The collision-free path planning is a critical skill in mobile robot applications, and by now it is still a tough problem because mobile robots would easily run into the situation of planning for the current path while neglecting the global goal. In this paper,...

This paper presents PASER, a system for automatically synthesizing curricula using AI Planning and Machine Learning techniques on an ontology of educational resources metadata. The ontology is a part–of hierarchy of learning themes which correspond to RDCEO competencies. The system uses an automated planner, which given the initial state of the problem (learner’s profile, preferences, needs and...

In preparing teacher candidates to effectively integrate technology into their future classrooms they need to work in classroom environments that support a variety of technologies that include best practice lesson planning and classroom experiences. They should be allowed an opportunity to work with model technology integration processes that best support the curriculum and enhance student lear...

Navigating is a complex cognitive task that places high demands on spatial abilities, particularly in the absence of sight. Significant advances have been made in identifying the neural correlates associated with various aspects of this skill; however, how the brain is able to navigate in the absence of visual experience remains poorly understood. Furthermore, how neural network activity relate...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine medical students' perceptions of team-based learning (TBL) according to their individual characteristics: gender, team efficacy, interpersonal understanding, proactivity in problem solving, and academic ability. METHODS Thirty-eight second-year medical students who took an integrated cardiology course participated in this study; 28 were male an...

Skillful medium-range weather forecasts are critical for water resources planning and management. This study aims to improve 15-day-ahead accumulated precipitation forecasts by combining biweekly weather and disaggregated climate forecasts. A combination scheme is developed to combine reforecasts from a numerical weather model and disaggregated climate forecasts from ECHAM4.5 for developing 15-...