abstract water deficit and consecutive droughts have lead to drought stress in most parts of the world recently. we need prepare a good program to use better available water. different material can be used to increase water use efficiency. super absorbent is one of the materials used around the world. these materials absorb water in the soil so that reserved water is usable by plant in the time...

Plant responses to water deficit are dependent on the amount of water lost, the rate of loss and the duration of the stressed condition. The characterization of a large number of genes induced by stresses involving water deficit has significantly improved understanding of the response. There appear to be several pathways for gene induction involved, and these are being elucidated by the analysi...

Soil water limitations cause water-stressed conditions in vegetation because of temporary and/or permanent damage to plant tissues. Vegetation water stress is here assumed to increase when soil moisture is below a threshold level, sŁ, and to decrease otherwise. The crossing properties of sŁ allow one to describe the temporal evolution of water stress, , as a dichotomic Markov process. The avai...

Nowadays, many vegetables are grown inside greenhouses in which environment is controlled and nutrition can be supplied through water supply using electrical pump, namely fertigation. Dosage of nutrition in water for many vegetable plants are also known so that by controlling water supply all the needs for the plants to grow are available. Furthermore, water supply can be controlled using elect...

Based on field data from a medium scale ammonia based milk refrigeration plant located in northern part of India, a trans-critical CO2 based heat pump system is conceptualized to utilize the waste heat from the plant to improve overall coefficient of performance. Year round plant operating data is collected. The plant handles in the range of 0.1 to 0.15 million liters of milk and milk products ...

End-of-season drought or "terminal drought," which occurs after flowering, is considered the most significant abiotic stress affecting crop yields. Wheat crop production in Mediterranean-type environments is often exposed to terminal drought due to decreasing rainfall and rapid increases in temperature and evapotranspiration during spring when wheat crops enter the reproductive stage. Under suc...

Perth will run out of available sustainable natural water resources by 2015 if nothing is done to slow usage rates, according to a Western Australian study [1]. Alternative water technology options need to be considered for the long-term guaranteed supply of water for agricultural, commercial, domestic and industrial purposes. Seawater is an alternative source of water for human consumption, be...

the world is facing severe challenges in meeting the rapidly growing demand for water resources. in addition,irrigation water which is the largest use of water in most developing countries and arid and semi arid regions, will likelyhave to be diverted increasingly to meet the needs of the households in urban areas and industry sectors whilst remaining aprime engine of agricultural growth. a lin...

Plant responses to water deficit need to be monitored for producing a profitable crop as water deficit is a major constraint on crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) to various environmental conditions under limited water availability using commercially available varieties grown in South Texas. Soil moisture and variables ...

The impact of aquaporin function on plant water balance is discussed. The significance of these proteins for root water uptake, water conductance in the xylem, including embolism refilling and the role of plant aquaporins in leaf physiology, is described. Emphasis is placed on certain aspects of water stress reactions and the correlation of aquaporins to abscisic acid as well as on the relation...