BACKGROUND In addition to studies of plant gene function and developmental analyses, plant biotechnological use is largely dependent upon transgenic technologies. The moss Physcomitrella patens has become an exciting model system for studying plant molecular processes due to an exceptionally high rate of nuclear gene targeting by homologous recombination compared with other plants. However, its...

By Peter Hughes and John Heritage, University of Leeds, UK There has been a developing controversy surrounding the use of antibiotics as growth promoters for food animals. These drugs are used at low doses in animal feeds and are considered to improve the quality of the product, with a lower percentage of fat and a higher protein content in the meat. Other benefits of the use of antibiotic grow...

manipulating of planting pattern is a method to increase the crop yield per unit of area which should be considered in different regions. in order to evaluate the effects of between and within row distances on growth indices of gahar mung bean, an experiment was conducted at the agricultural research center of ilam in 2004. the experiment was a split-plot arranged in an rcb design.three between...