Emerging fields of research in electronic plants (e-plants) and agro-nanotechnology seek to create more advanced control of plants and their products. Electronic/nanotechnology plant systems strive to seamlessly monitor, harvest, or deliver chemical signals to sense or regulate plant physiology in a controlled manner. Since the plant vascular system (xylem/phloem) is the primary pathway used to...

Within-plant heterogeneity in growth, morphology, and chemistry is ubiquitous, and is commonly attributed to differences in tissue age, light availability, or previous damage by herbivores. Although these factors are important, we argue that plant vascular architecture is an underappreciated determinant of heterogeneity. Vascular architecture can restrict the transport of resources (nutrients, ...

During systemic infections, viruses move long distances through the plant vascular system. The long-distance movement of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in Arabidopsis has been examined using a whole plant in situ hybridization technique called plant skeleton hybridization. CaMV moves long distance through the phloem largely following the flow of photoassimilates from source to sink leaves. Dur...

objective: to evaluate the predictive value of some biochemical markers in the outcome of extremity vascular trauma. methods: this study comprised 30 patients with traumatic arterial injury and acute limb ischemia referred to namazi hospital affiliated with shiraz university of medical ssciences, over a period of 8 months, from sep 2009 to jul 2010. venous blood samples were drawn from distal i...

As Professor Rhys Davies notes in his foreword to this excellent book, the back bone of medical teaching, be it the ward round or the tutorial, is the illustrated case. In this book Dr. Hartnell, who has trained in cardiology as well as in radiology, serves up 80 of these. Each begins with a short history and a few (though not too many) details; there is an illustration, usually a plain chest f...