Research into plant-based expression of pharmaceutical proteins is proceeding at a blistering pace. Indeed, plants expressing pharmaceutical proteins are currently being grown in field environments throughout the USA. But how are these plants and proteins being assessed for environmental risk and how are they being regulated? Here, we examine the applicability of the risk assessment paradigm fo...

Nutrient availability is a critical controller of plant species composition and productivity and is influenced by the interaction of a number of biotic and abiotic factors (Chapin et al. 2002). In this chapter, we explore the controls over nutrient pools and fluxes across different California grassland types. We will begin with an in-depth discussion of the exoticdominated annual grassland type...

F-box proteins are generally responsible for substrate recognition in the Skp1-Cullin-F-box complexes that are involved in protein degradation via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. In plants, F-box genes influence a variety of biological processes, such as leaf senescence, branching, self-incompatibility, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The number of F-box genes in Populus (Po...

Gamma-linoleic acid in the seed oil of evening primrose makes it nutritionally and pharmaceutically valuable. If evening primrose wants to be cultivated as an annual plant, sowing time is important. By the late sowing and depends to time most plants do not produce flower stem and stay in rosette stage until next spring. To solve this problem, the present study was performed. Seedling were trans...

Annual and perennial weed control trials were retreatedin Butte, Solano and Yolo counties. The diversified locations continue to provide a vital basis for applicable information on walnut tree tolerance to herbicides and on weed control efficacy. Herbicidal control of a wide spectrum of annual or perennial grass and broadleaf plants has been evaluated for the winter and summer periods of 1980. ...

The annual dairy transportation problem involves designing the routes that collect milk from farms and deliver it to processing plants. The demands of these plants can change from one week to the next, but the collection is fixed by contract and must remain the same throughout the year. While the routes are currently designed using the historical average demand from the plants, we show that inc...

Abstract. Rangeland vegetation dynamics encompass all processes of changes in vegetation composition and structure over time. Investigating the rangeland ecosystem dynamics makes it possible to determine the effects of climatic and management conditions on qualitative and quantitative changes of the vegetation in a specific period of time. Accordingly, data collection and measurements for evalu...

Many schools in Sweden lack a proper indoor environment due to, e.g., poor thermal-envelope properties, overcrowded classes, visual appearance and insufficient ventilation. This study aims to explore the integration of large number green plants into classrooms’ environments. case consists three parts: measurements including final energy model, questionnaire pupils with questions about their wel...

Few cases of hydatid disease have been reported in India. The general impression is that the disease is rare. It is only occasionally that cases appear in the hospitals in large towns, and even these very often are not clearly brought out in hospital reports. The provincial annual reports in India show no separate heading for hydatid disease, and in hospital reports they are included under tumo...