Studies were conducted that supported the hypothesis that the mutation to the psbA plastid gene that confers S-triazine resistance (R) in Brassica napus also results in an altered diurnal pattern of photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A) relative to that of the susceptible (S) wild type, and that these patterns change over the ontogeny of a plant. Photosynthetic photon flux density, under close...

Plant innate immunity relies on a set of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that respond to ligands known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). To overcome such immunity, phytopathogenic bacteria deliver virulence molecules called effector proteins into the plant cell that collectively promote pathogenesis. The vast majority of PRRs controlling PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and t...

Recent developments in the electric power and problems arising from construction and maintenance of large power plants have raised a great deal of interest in distributed power generation (DG). Distributed generation units due to specifications, technology and location network connectivity can improve system and load point reliability indices. In this paper, the placement and sizing of Distribu...

To assess the effect of non chemical management of weed control on forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) a field study was conducted in Varamin, Iran during 2010 crop year in a three- replicated- split factorial experiment laid out in randomized complete block design with four weeding levels (W1= one time cultivation at 3-leaf stage using a duck foot cultivator, W2<...

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a highly destructive disease of citrus presumably caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacterasiaticus' (Las), a gram-negative, insect-transmitted, phloem-limited α-proteobacterium. Although almost all citrus plants are susceptible to HLB, reports have shown reduced susceptibility to Las infection in lemon (Citrus limon) plants. The aim of this study is to identify intra-sp...

The rice pattern recognition receptor (PRR) XA21 confers race-specific resistance in leaf infection by bacterial blight Xathomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and was shown to be primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed with its native promoter or overexpressed in the protoplast. However, whether the protein is still ER-localization in the intact cell when overexpressed...

We present the status of the Angra Neutrino project, describing the development of an antineutrino detector aimed to monitor nuclear reactor activity. The experiment will take place at the Brazilian nuclear power plant located in Angra dos Reis. The Angra II reactor, with 4GW of thermal power, will be used as a source of antineutrinos. We expect to observe about one thousand events per day with...

BACKGROUND In plants and animals innate immunity is the first line of defence against attack by microbial pathogens. Specific molecular features of bacteria and fungi are recognised by pattern recognition receptors that have extracellular domains containing leucine rich repeats. Recognition of microbes by these receptors induces defence responses that protect hosts against potential microbial a...

Upon pathogen infection, activation of immune response requires effective transcriptional reprogramming that regulates inducible expression of a large set of defense genes. A number of ethylene-responsive factor transcription factors have been shown to play critical roles in regulating immune responses in plants. In the present study, we explored the functions of Arabidopsis AtERF15 in immune r...