in order to evaluate the effect of ducks number on weeds diversity and density in paddy fields, an experiment was conducted at sari agricultural sciences and natural resource university during growing season of 2011-2012. experiment was arranged in split plot based on complete randomized block design with four replications. main factors were duck number at three levels (consisting of control, 4...

to study the effects of biofertilizers in their different levels of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) on yield related parameters of barley (sahra cultivar), a split plot experiment based upon a randomized complete block design of three replications was conducted. main plots consisted of: nitrogen at three levels (0, 50 and 100 kg n ha-1 as urea), while sub plots were: phosphorus at two levels (0...

soil and water salinity damage and decrease canola yield. however, plant yield should be increased using effective methods. this study aimed at investigating the effect of sulfure application fertilizers on canola yield. to this end, the experiment was conducted in split plot arrangement based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at shavoor research station in south west...

Top-down force is referred to arthropod pest management delivered by the organisms from higher trophic levels. In the context of prevalent adoption of transgenic Bt crops that produce insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), it still remains elusive whether the top-down forces are affected by the insect-resistant traits that introduced into the Bt crops. We explored h...

A field-scale experiment with a complete randomized block design was performed to study the degradation of buried oil on a shoreline over a period of almost 1 year. The following four treatments were examined in three replicate blocks: two levels of fertilizer treatment of oil-treated plots, one receiving a weekly application of liquid fertilizer and the other treated with a slow-release fertil...

Figure 1. Ovalization results for the patients and controls. Bar plots show the Ovalization Index mean values (with standard error) for each group — controls (C), E– and E+ patients — in each condition. Different lines show the individual mean values for each E+ patient (as single case) in each condition. * P < 0.01; ** P < 0.001. The two boxes at the top of the figure show examples of right ha...

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations cover a large geographic area of the southeastern USA and supply a large proportion of the nation's wood products. Research on management strategies designed to maximize wood production while also optimizing nutrient use efficiency and soil C sequestration is needed. We used minirhizotrons to quantify the effects of incorporating logging residues into ...

This paper has been published in the Journal of Statistical Software (Meyer, Zeileis, and Hornik 2006) and describes the “strucplot” framework for the visualization of multiway contingency tables. Strucplot displays include hierarchical conditional plots such as mosaic, association, and sieve plots, and can be combined into more complex, specialized plots for visualizing conditional independenc...