We investigate the computational complexity of a number of questions relating to deductive argument systems, in particular the complexity of linking deductive and more abstract argument systems. We start by presenting a simple model of deductive arguments based on propositional logic, and define logical equivalence and defeat over individual arguments. We then extend logical equivalence to sets...

The virial coefficients can be obtained from statistical mechanics in connection with the intermolecular potentials. The intermolecular potential of polyatomic molecules is usually assumed to consist of a spherically symmetric component plus a contribution due to asphericaity of the molecular charge distribution. In this study, the second virial coefficients have been calculated for N2...

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate if the hardness ratio of bulk-fill-type resin composite is higher than that hybrid-type composite, determine when radiant exposure was same, and polymerization composites at top bottom surfaces affected by differences in irradiance light sources. Methods: The light-curing unit used LED G-Light Prima-II Plus (blue + violet LED) unit. light-cured were Clea...

An acute Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia challenge was used to study changes in rectal and radiant surface temperatures over 18 h. From 3.5 to 15 h after challenge, rectal temperatures were elevated in challenged pigs compared to nonchallenged controls. From 6 through 18 h after challenge, infrared surface temperature was higher for challenged pigs versus control nonchallenged pigs. Correlation ...

The role of L-DOPA in spinal nociceptive reflex activity has been re-evaluated. In high spinal cats, with supraspinal loops being excluded, the onset of reflex facilitation induced by noxious radiant heat is delayed after injection of L-DOPA by 4 to 10 s, i.e. the early component of nociceptive reflex facilitation is blocked, while the late component persisted. Further investigations have shown...

Prostatic inflammation is widespread in the male population. Two groups of 50 patients each with symptoms of prostatic inflammation and ecocolorDoppler indicative of prostatitis were identified. Both groups were further subdivided into two subgroups (respectively A1, A2, B1, and B2). Group A1 underwent therapy with oral levofloxacin 500 mg daily for 10 days plus co-treatment with oral Serenoa r...

A set of methods are presented for the global survey of natural gas flaring using data collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NASA/NOAA Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The accuracy of the flared gas volume estimates is rated at ̆9.5%. VIIRS is particularly well suited for detecting and measuring the radia...

This article introduces a methodology for designing the geometry of diffuse-walled radiant enclosures through nonlinear programming. In this application, the enclosure is represented parametrically using B-spline curves, while the radiosity distribution is solved by infinitesimal-area analysis. The enclosure geometry is repeatedly adjusted with a gradientbased minimization algorithm until a nea...

Glycerol is considered as the main by-product during production of biodiesel. Using glycerol a biorefinery feedstock cannot only promote circular biodiesel but also alleviate waste management challenges. An insight-based approach (CHO ternary diagrams) was used in this study for synthesis methanol from via reforming processes. It shown that to produce syngas fulfils requirement synthesis, shoul...