Previous reports have indicated that the premotor cortex (PM) uses visual information for either direct guidance of limb movements or indirect specification of action targets at a conceptual level. We explored how visual inputs signaling these two different categories of information are processed by PM neurons. Monkeys performed a delayed reaching task after receiving two different sets of visu...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Exposure Research Laboratory is pursuing a project to improve the methodology for modeling human exposure to motor vehicle emissions. The overall project goal is to develop improved methods for modeling the source through the air pathway to human exposure in significant exposure microenvironments. Current particulate matter (PM) emission model...

Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is often attributed to dopamine deficiency in the prefrontal-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loops. Although recent studies point to a close interplay between motor and cognitive abilities in PD, the so-called "motor loop" connecting supplementary motor area (SMA) and putamen has been considered solely with regard to the patients' motor impairment...

This article took the trevally crescent-shaped caudal fin mode fishes as bionic object, based on the biological observation and bionic research, established the fish swimming model of trevally crescentshaped caudal fin mode, and designed the three degrees of freedom, tailtail fins pectoral fin, robotic fish. It detailed focuses on the fish propulsion theory and robotic fish overall design, incl...

FDM is an AM method that currently being developed due to the flexibility of object geometry can be formed. This study aims design frame and drive XZ Head type engine. Stress simulation was carried out determine safety factor in frameXZ design. Lead screw parameters form torque, shear stress, axial critical load were calculated torque requirement driving motor. The value linear axis stepper mot...

Nowadays, piezoelectric motors are used as amplifiers and receivers. The principle of operation stepper motors, which is the subject article, explains a small centrifugal inertial moving system. Piezoelectric measurement technology good tool that can be under conditions with some extreme dynamics, temperature geometry applications difficult to measure devices in our daily measurements. effect w...

Purpose. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is frequent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may contribute to nonmotor symptoms. Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for OSA diagnosis. Unattended portable monitoring (PM) may improve access to diagnosis but has not been studied in PD. We assessed feasibility and diagnostic accuracy in PD. Methods. Selected PD patients without known OSA underwent ho...

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of stepper exercise with visual feedback on strength, walking, and stair climbing in stroke patients. [Subjects] Twenty-six stroke patients were divided randomly into the stepper exercise with visual feedback group (n = 13) or the stepper exercise group (n = 13). [Methods] Subjects in the experimental group received feedback through the mirror during...

In this paper particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used for a design optimization of a linear permanent magnet synchronous motor (LPMSM) considering ultra low thrust force ripples, low magnet consumption, improved efficiency and thrust. The influence of PM material is discussed, too and the modular poles are proposed to achieve the best characteristic. PM dimensions and material, air gap and mo...