Viral bacterial coinfections are encountered in about one third of community aquired pneumonia cases in children. There is however very difficult to differentiate pneumonias ́ etiology using clinical, laboratory and radiological examination. We present a case of viral-bacterial coinfections and the challegences that this case imposed in both diagnostic and treatment decision. We shall also revie...

Isolation of Francisella tularensis in blood culture is exceedingly rare and has been reported infrequently in Europe; a literature review showed 28 documented cases. Herein we report the first cases of bacteremic F.tularensis pneumonia in immunocompetent individuals in Turkey.

A 39-year-old male with newly diagnosed HIV had cavitary pneumonia initially attributed to Pneumocystis jirovecii but actually caused by Rhodococcus equi. After neurological deterioration, he was found to have intracerebral lesions caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This case underscores the inability to rely on the search for a unifying diagnosis (Ockham's Razor) in HIV-infected patients.

Pneumocystis is an unusual fungus that is a prototypical opportunistic pathogen, causing an asymptomatic or mild infection in the normal host but fulminate pneumonia (PcP) in the immunocompromised host. Untreated, the mortality rate from PcP approaches 100%. Even with treatment, mortality rates approach 10–20%. It is a ubiquitous organism infecting a wide array of mammalian species. Although th...

Extrapulmonary pneumocystosis is a feature of severe immunosuppression which earlier reports have suggested is limited to patients receiving either no prophylaxis or aerosolised pentamidine. We report a case of disseminated pneumocystosis which developed in an HIV positive homosexual man despite systemic primary Pneumocystis carinii pneumo-

McCONNELL, E. E., BASSON, P. A. & PIENAAR, J. G. Pneumocystosis in a domestic goat. Onderstep oort ]. vet. Res., 38 (2), 117-126 (1971). A fatal case of an infection by the parasite, Pneumocystis carinii Delanoe & Delanoe, 1914, is described in a young domestic goat. The disease was manifested as a severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis accompanied by filling of the alveolar air spaces by larg...