This article proposes a theory of watermarking security based on a cryptanalysis point of view. The main idea is that information about the secret key leaks from the observations, for instance watermarked pieces of content, available to the opponent. Tools from information theory (Shannon’s mutual information and Fisher’s information matrix) can measure this leakage of information. The security...

Quantifying implicit information leakage is important, especially for fully probabilistic systems (FPS). Although many quantitative methods have been proposed (including methods based on mutual information, on α-mutual information, on relative entropy and on pure probability, etc.), there has been little work analyzing their consistency and accuracy. In order to perform this analysis, these met...

since the second half of the first century ad onward, varicus verbal sects and religions began to flourish. one of the currents, thought was mutazelie that there was no desirable relations with shia until the middle of third century ad. therefore, at this point of times many leaders of two groups wrote so many refutuation in the case of each other, that their purpose of this action was to defen...

The multimodal medical image fusion is an important application in many medical applications. This is used for the retrieval of complementary information from medical images. The MRI and CT image provides high resolution images with structural and anatomical information. The CT image is used in tumour and anatomical detection and MRI is used to obtain information among tissues. In this paper, w...

Structured reporting in medicine has been argued to support and enhance machine-assisted processing and communication of pertinent information. Retrospective studies showed that structured echocardiography reports, constructed through point-and-click selection of finding codes (FCs), contain pair-wise contradictory FCs reliability thereof. In a prospective study, contradictions were detected au...

Mutual funds are the best tool to mobilize savings and investments in an economy and Pakistan is the pioneer in South Asia, but this industry is not as much mature in comparison to its age in Pakistan. This paper examines the performance of closed ended mutual funds in Pakistan by using five different ranking measures during a period of January 2009 to December 2013 and the sample consists of o...

User queries submitted to web search engines are not always informative enough for retrieving the related pages to the user intention. The main problem is that users may not know the best query items they should enter to get the most related web pages to their intentions. They may not be familiar with the specific keywords in that domain knowledge. A user may remember only a part of the phrase ...

Traditional satellite scatterometer wind retrieval algorithms consist of point-wise wind estimation and pointwise ambiguity removal. Point-wise estimation yields multiple estimates, or ambiguities, for the average near-surface ocean wind in each scatterometer resolution element, requiring subsequent ambiguity removal. Even though some point-wise ambiguity removal techniques achieve a high skill...