By whatever method poison is introduced into the animal body, the general effect depends upon its presence within the circulating blood. The quantity present at any time is regulated by the degree of absorption of the poison into and its elimination from the blood. With a given dose of poison the effect is greater the quicker it reaches the circulation, or the more slowly it is eliminated from ...

Animals that wield toxins face self-intoxication. Poison frogs have a diverse arsenal of defensive alkaloids that target the nervous system. Among them is epibatidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that is lethal at microgram doses. Epibatidine shares a highly conserved binding site with acetylcholine, making it difficult to evolve resistance yet maintain nAChR function. El...

background: poisoning is one of the main causes of visits to emergency departments and hospitals in iran. drug and poison information centers (dpic) are reliable sources to guide poisoned patients and provide information about pharmaceutical agents. this study was designed to analyze recorded phone calls to iran dpics during 2011-2012. methods: this was a retrospective study on phone calls to d...

Ju/'hoan hunters from Nyae Nyae, near Tsumkwe in Namibia, demonstrate the manufacture of three fixative pastes made from plant extracts, and poison made from grubs and plant extracts. Ammocharis coranica and Terminalia sericea produce simple glue. Ozoroa schinzii latex mixed with carbonized Aristeda adscensionis grass is a compound adhesive. Composite poison is made from Chrysomelid grub viscer...

BACKGROUND Exposure to silica gel, a common desiccant, is considered common and non-toxic although data are limited. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the characteristics of silica gel ingestion, and to attempt to estimate the associated health care costs. METHODS We conducted a one year retrospective review of charts of a national poison information center to characterize ingestions of silica gel and...

PURPOSE To demonstrate the value of poison control data as an adjunct to national drug abuse surveys and a source of data to inform and focus prevention efforts. METHODS National Poison Data System (NPDS) data are collected and compiled in real time by the 60 US poison centers as callers seek guidance for poison exposures. Demographic, geographic, product, outcome, and treatment-site data for...

OBJECTIVE To describe a case of intentional ingestion of hand sanitizer in our hospital and to review published cases and those reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System. DESIGN A case report, a literature review of published cases, and a query of the National Poison Data System. SETTING Medical intensive care unit. PATIENT Seventeen-yr-ol...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of acute poisonings caused by various poisons in Guangxi, China. METHODS A retrospective investigation was performed in 5859 cases of acute poisonings who were admitted to 63 hospitals in 11 cities, as well as 531 types of poisons involved. The poisons were categorized into 6 groups; each group of cases was stratified by the rural or urban settings...

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a plant consumed throughout the world for its stimulant effects and as an opioid substitute (1). It is typically brewed into a tea, chewed, smoked, or ingested in capsules (2). It is also known as Thang, Kakuam, Thom, Ketum, and Biak (3). The Drug Enforcement Administration includes kratom on its Drugs of Concern list (substances that are not currently regulated b...

Brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) in central Northland have been monitored for up to 32 months of sustained exposure to brodifacoum poison. The cereal baits were placed in bait stations to target brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Annual survival of 55 radio-tagged adult kiwi in two poisoned forest patches has been high (95.9%), and similar to that in two nearby unpoisoned forest patches an...