This thesis draws its hypothesis from the quantitative description of reflection and refraction of light at interfaces, given by the Fresnel theory. According to the theory, initially unpolarised light is partially polarised upon reflection from a smooth dielectric surface. Hence, variations in the polarisation properties of reflected and scattered light must indicate a change in properties of ...

The deconvolution of biological dielectric spectra can be difficult enough with artefact-free spectra but is more problematic when machine baseline artefacts and electrode polarisation are present as well. In addition, these two sources of anomalies can be responsible for significant interference with dielectric biomass measurements made using one- or two-spot frequencies. The aim of this paper...

Current has been passed through the cell membrane of muscle fibres of the isolated rabbit right ventricle with the aid of intracellular double-barrelled microelectrodes. Two types of muscle fibres were distinguished which are called P and V fibres. The relation between the intensity of a hyperpolarising current applied during the rising phase and the maximum amplitude of the action potential wa...

In order to access the severity of degradation in a water tree affected cable, it is necessary to obtain a physical representation of the insulation. This is especially the case when trying to determine the risk of failure of the cable, or the remaining life, which is dependant on the length of the longest water tree in the insulation. Generally, there has not been a large effort found in publi...

In this work, experimental hydrogen-bond (HB) enthalpies measured in previous works for a wide range of acceptor molecules in dilute mixtures of 4-fluorophenol in non-polar solvents are quantified from COSMO polarisation charge densities s of HB acceptors (HBA). As well as previously demonstrated for quantum chemically calculated HB enthalpies, a good correlation of the experimental data with t...

This paper addresses the depolarisation effect in off-body body area networks channels, based on measurements performed at 2.45 GHz in an indoor environment. Seven different scenarios, involving both static and dynamic users, were considered, taking a statistical perspective. The analysis of the cross-polarisation discrimination is performed, as well as the analysis of path loss in co- and cros...

The dynamic spatial control of light fields is essential to a range of applications, from microscopy to optical micro-manipulation and communications. Here we describe the use of a single digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to generate and rapidly switch vector beams with spatially controllable intensity, phase and polarisation. We demonstrate local spatial control over linear, elliptical and cir...

In this paper, the polarisation behaviour of the mobile MIMO radio channel is analysed from polarimetric double directional channel measurements, which were performed in a macro-cell rural environment in Tokyo. The recorded data comprise non line of sight, obstructed line of sight and line of sight conditions. The gradient based Maximum-Likelihood estimation framework RIMAX was used to estimate...

We present high sensitivity and absolutely calibrated images of diffuse radio polarisation at a resolution of about 10 covering the range 10 < l < 34 and |b| < 5 at 2.3 GHz from the S-band Parkes All Sky Survey and at 4.8 GHz from the SinoGerman λ6 cm polarisation survey of the Galactic plane. Strong depolarisation near the Galactic plane is seen at 2.3 GHz, which correlates with strong Hα emis...

8 The polarisation of light is used by many species of cephalopods and crustaceans to discriminate 9 objects or to communicate. Most visual systems with this ability, such as that of the fiddler crab, 10 include receptors with photopigments that are oriented horizontally and vertically relative to the 11 outside world. Photoreceptors in such an orthogonal array are maximally sensitive to polari...