A first-principles spin-polarised local density functional cluster method is used to explore the structural and vibrational properties of several substitutional transition-metal impurities complexed with hydrogen.

Polarisation of the actin cytoskeleton must cease during cytokinesis, to support efficient assembly and contraction of the actomyosin ring at the site of cell division, but the underlying mechanisms are still understood poorly in most species. In budding yeast, the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) releases Cdc14 phosphatase from the nucleolus during anaphase, leading to the inactivation of mitotic fo...

The sum rule for the first moment of the polarised (virtual) photon structure function g γ 1 (x, Q 2 ; K 2) is revisited in the light of proposals for future e + e − colliders. The sum rule exhibits an array of phenomena characteristic of QCD: for real photons (K 2 = 0) electromagnetic gauge invariance constrains the first moment to vanish; the limit for asymptotic photon virtuality (m 2 ρ ≪ K ...

If Type-II supernovae – the evolutionary end points of short-lived, massive stars – produce a significant quantity of dust (>0.1 M⊙) then they can explain the rest-frame far-infrared emission seen in galaxies and quasars in the first Gyr of the Universe. Submillimetre (submm) observations of the Galactic supernova remnant, Cas A, provided the first observational evidence for the formation of si...

The polarisation pattern of skylight offers many arthropods a reference for visual compass orientation. The dung beetle Scarabaeus zambesianus starts foraging at around sunset. After locating a source of fresh droppings, it forms a ball of dung and rolls it off at high speed to escape competition at and around the dung pile. Using behavioural experiments in the field and in the laboratory, we s...

Gafchromic XRQA radiochromic film, is an effective tool for quality assurance and dose assessment in kilovoltage radiotherapy and diagnostic applications. Like other Gafchromic film products, XRQA film exhibits a variation in dose to reflected optical density response with angle of rotation when analysed with a light source that is partially or fully polarised such as a desktop scanner. Althoug...

The optical dipole force from a singe focussed laser beam was used to study the role of laser-induced molecular alignment on the centre-of-mass motion of carbon disulphide molecules in a molecular beam. The translational, rotational and vibrational temperatures of the CS2 molecules were measured to be 3.4±0.2 K, 35±10 K and 250±14 K respectively. The velocity of the beam was measured to be 542±...