AbstractIslamic Republic of Iran as an Islamic and independent country on original ideology of “Islam” announced freedom of political parties within the Constitution (Act, 26). After Islamic Revolution victory in 1979, two main factions formed, “Principlism” and “Reformism”. “Reformism” seems a challenging issue to Iranian nation as it may appear adopted on the Western ideology. This stud...

homosexuality across time and place. The bulk of the book consists of 200 pages of alphabetical entries that range from key figures (Radclyffe Hall, Michel Foucault), organizations (Mattachine Society, Log Cabin Republicans), and moments (Stone-wall, the passage of Don't Ask, Don't Tell) in LGBT history, as well as more general references tied by Pickett to the subject. For example, Pickett inc...

A brief survey of user-oriented MT evaluation methodologies suggests that they all suffer drawbacks in terms of time and/or generality and/or user interpretability. The time and cost of evaluation, coupled with system prices, make it increasingly less likely that full-scale pre-purchase evaluation by a single potential user will be economic. It is clearly desirable that MT systems should be “ge...

as a culture-based phenomenon which involves both linguistic and social aspects, translation has been investigated from various perspectives. the present critical discourse analysis (cda)-based study is an attempt to probe into the manipulation of ideologies in translations of political texts. a cda approach, based on fairclough (1989), van dijk (2004) and farahzad (2007), was adopted to conduc...

iranian historiography during the safavid era affected by religious upheavals and intellectual and political developments, witnessed the emergence and evolution of a new approach towards time and techniques for recording history. the most important feature of this historiography was the continuance of pre-safavid models and regulations on the one hand, and the formation of typical safavid struc...

The Challenge of Political Correctness in the Translation of "Sensitive" Texts: Translations must fully render the meaning of words and expressions from the source language, without losing any of their cultural connotations. In the case of “politically correct” terms in English, difficulties spring from deep cultural differences in the understanding of race, religious or genre problems. This pa...

This paper tests the effectiveness of concept mapping as a classroom technique and curricular tool. In it, I use survey data and semi-structured interviews to assess student perceptions of the learning and the impact of concept mapping. I find that concept maps are an excellent way to encourage thorough reading of complex texts. Concept maps are a simple, powerful tool that dramatically enhance...

Though political theorists have emphasized the importance of political discussion in non-political spaces, past study of online political discussion has focused on primarily political websites. Using a random sample from Blogger.com, we find that 25% of all political posts are from blogs that post about politics less than 20% of the time, because the vast majority of blogs post about politics s...

Automatic computational analysis and categorisation of political texts with respect to the rich array of personal sentiments, opinions, stances, and political orientations expressed in polarised political discourse is an exciting task which opens up many avenues for more accurate and naturalistic large-scale political analysis. The task does however pose major challenges for state-of-the-art Se...

Sociological theories on professions have for a long time been dominated by the idea of two different models of professionalisation, the Anglo-Saxon model, which is based on the ideal of self-regulating professional bodies and the continental approach with its emphasis on state regulations. However, the changing political and economic conditions of professional work have forced market-oriented ...