The paper provides a justification for the proportional representative (PR) election system for politically diversified societies. We employ the Shapley value concept to measure the political power of parties in a parliament. We prove that for the PR system if parties’ sizes are uniformly distributed on the simplex, the expected ratio of a party size to its political power increases to 1, and t...

Falling into a Niche: Institutional Equilibrium between Plurality and Proportional Representation for Large Political Parties" Scholars of electoral systems (e.g., Duverger, 1954; Rae 1967) argue that a combination of electoral system and district magnitude provide the strategic incentives for political party competition. All electoral systems reward large parties with a disproportional seat bo...

in this paper, the french electoral system in different layers of power and its impact on voter’s political life and behavior is explored. the french chose the two-step plurality system in the national assembly elections. this electoral style has caused the multi-party and bipolar system to be institutionalized in the land of flowers. although this electoral system is harmful to minor parties e...

This study estimates spatial representations of recent elections in Canada, France, The Netherlands and Israel. Its purpose is to test whether there exist systematic differences in the extent of spatial dispersion among parties and candidates in the majoritarian and proportional electoral systems. Canada and France are majoritarian systems, while The Netherlands and Israel are highly proportion...

We develop a theory of the emergence of minority and majority governments in multiparty parliamentary systems using a canonical non-cooperative bargaining model and assuming a policy space of arbitrary finite dimension, any number of political parties, and a general class of preferences over the government agreement space. Only majority governments form in the absence of significant political d...

classic political sociology dogmatically considers women politically more conservative than men and accordingly, women’s models of political behaviors are expressed based on their inherent tendencies towards right-wing conservative parties. but new research indicates that in developed countries during 1980’s, women gradually distanced from traditional conservatism and joint democratic groups. i...