Environmental pollution is now a serious problem in many developing countries. One approach to combat the problem is to implement various pollution control policies. However, due to a lack of adequate quantitative models, the economic impacts and effectiveness of many pollution control policies are still unknown. This article uses the computable general-equilibrium (CGE) approach to develop an ...

In a domestic market, duopoly produces homogeneous final good, pollution, pollution abatement, and R&D, which reduces abatement cost. One of the firms (foreign) has superior technology. The government regulates by levying tax to maximize welfare. We consider potential implementation three innovation agreements: cooperative research joint venture (RJV), non-cooperative RJV, licensing. (non-c...

Research News raditionally, U.S. environmental policy has emphasized mandatory regulations that prescribe limits on emissions of pollutants or the use of specific abatement technology such as scrubbers. While these regulations have protected the environment, they have encouraged firms to concentrate on pollution controls that operate at the end of the factory smokestack or at the point of efflu...

The evaluation of water bodies “at risk” of not achieving the Water Framework Directives goal of “good status” begs the question of how big a risk is acceptable before a programme of measures should be implemented. Adequate documentation of expert judgement and statistical uncertainty in pollution budgets and water quality modeling combined with Monte Carlo simulation and Bayesian belief networ...

We examine the effect of air quality regulation on productivit y in some of the most heavily regulated manufacturing plants in the United States, the oil reŽ neries of the Los Angeles (South Coast) Air Basin. We use direct measures of local air pollution regulation to estimate their effects on abatement investment. ReŽ neries not subject to these regulations are used as a comparison group. We s...

This study evaluates the potential of Arthrobacter nicotiniae to preferentially remove lead, cadmium, silver and zinc from contaminated soil Amaonye-ishiagu Agricultural Forest, Ebonyi State, Nigeria using standard methods. The revealed optimum values factor as 8ml nutrient volume, 5g organism, 30oC temperature, pH 8 stirring frequency 4pw. showed 79.78% removal 61.50% 48.59% arsenic 7.04% on 3...

In theory, competitive emission permit markets minimise total abatement cost for any emission ceiling. Permit markets are often imperfectly competitive, however, if they are thin and dominated by large firms. The dominant firm(s) could exercise market power and increase other firms’ costs of pollution control, while reducing their own emission control costs. This paper reports a testbed laborat...