An analysis of the demands of ULSI and GSI technologies shows the necessity of multi-layer devices to reduction of signal transmission delay time. This reduction is realized by using a better conductor metal, such as Cu and a surrounding insulator with low capacity than actually used, such as Dow Cyclotene 3022. In this paper, the results of evaporated and sputtered Cu to Dow Cyclotene 3022 wer...

In a typical solitonic distribution, the soliton density is distributed over the entire moleculeand the present work shows how its density can be decomposed into solitonic and antisolitoniccomponents. It is found that there exists a unique electron as soliton over the anionicnanoconductor, while there are many other solitons and antisolitons. The solitonic states are furtherdecomposed to the ca...

INTRODUCTION Conjugated polymers show intriguing properties such as electrical conductivity,1–4 electroluminescence5–9 and chemical-sensing ability.10–12 Synthesis of new conjugated polymers is an important subject in polymer chemistry as well as in material chemistry, owing to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Generally, p-electrons are delocalized throughout the conjugat...

End-modified polymers are promising for the nonviral delivery of genes to cancer cells, immune cells, and human stem cells and point to polymer end-groups as regulators for cell-type specificity. A library of polymers has been synthesized and, although some polymers are strong transfection agents overall, for each cell type, a particular polymer is most effective.

Research activities in the field of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymers are reviewed. Synthetic pathways to monomers and polymers, and the characteristic properties of the polymers are described. Potential applications in the field of organic electronic materials such as light emitting diodes, organic solar cells and organic field effect transistors are discussed.