The response surface methodology (RSM) including polynomial equations has been used to design an optimal patch formulation with appropriate adhesion and flux. The patch formulations were composed of different polymers, including Eudragit RS 100 (ERS), Eudragit RL 100 (ERL) and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP), plasticizers (PEG 400), and drug. In addition, using terpenes as enhancers could increa...

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, MW 10 kDa), and NaCl were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Microcalorimetry experiments were performed using a MicorCal ITC-VP at the University of Albany Proteomics Facility in Rensselaer, NY. SDBS was added to de-ionized distilled water, and placed into the injection syringe of the microcalorimeter, and added to the sample cell c...

The morphology and corrosion behavior of electrochemically prepared Ag nanostructures (NSs) have been examined in the absence and presence of potassium citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween-20). These additives give rise to morphologically distinct Ag NSs. The presence of citrate increases the dissolution of Ag and creates finer nanostructured A...

Monodisperse single-crystal hollow cerium dioxide nanocubes with exposed (001) facets have been synthesized with the assistance of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in a water and ethanol system. A series of experiments indicate that ammonium ion plays an important role in the formation of the hollow structure and PVP plays a key role in the formation of a cubic shape. Th...

Recent studies have demonstrated that metal-organic frameworks can be employed as protective coatings for enzymes. Two efficient strategies have been reported for the synthesis of such composite materials: biomimetic mineralisation and controlled co-precipitation using polyvinylpyrrolidone. We assessed the relative efficacy of each approach by comparing the thermal stability of encapsulated ure...

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified by 8-hydroxy-quinoline (8-HQ) and stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were used for highly selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of Hg(2+) based on the quick aggregation of AuNPs leading to a color change from wine red to gray. The limit of Hg(2+) detection in real environmental water samples is 4.0 × 10(-7) M by the naked eyes and 1.0 × 10(-8) ...

The present investigation includes the preparation and evaluation of liquid filling formulations for soft gels using an analgesic drug Paracetamol, in order to improve its dissolution properties and there by its bioavailability. Formulations were prepared using excipients like poly ethylene glycol 400(PEG 400), propylene glycol(PG), polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVPK-30), DMSO, antioxidants, ethanol, an...

Micropropagation of Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess. (Clusiaceae) is a way to overcome difficulties in achieving large-scale plant production, given the recalcitrant nature of the seeds, irregular fructification and absence of natural vegetative propagation of the species. Cultures were established using nodal segments 2 cm in length, obtained from 1-2 year old seedlings, maintained in a greenh...

The effects of particle size on the skin permeation and retention of piroxicam (PXC) in an aqueous suspension were investigated. PXC particles of about 23 nm, 173 nm, and 2.1 microm in size were prepared by the cogrinding of PXC/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K12/sodium dodecyl sulfate physical mixture (mean particle size, 9.6 microm) using a vibrational rod and ball mills. Particles were stable af...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a wide variety of applications in consumer products and can directly or indirectly leak into environmental compartments such as soil. The risks associated with AgNPs must be assessed to assist the development regulatory guidelines. Because they are linked numerous soil ecosystem functions, enzyme activities very sensitive any changes management caused by human ...