The creation of an intrahepatic portosystemic shunt via a transjugular approach (TIPS) is an interventional radiological procedure used to treat the complications of portal hypertension. TIPS insertion is principally indicated to prevent or arrest variceal bleeding when medical or endoscopic treatments fail, and in the management refractory ascites. This review discusses the development and exe...

Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration is an underdiagnosed neurologic syndrome characterized by parkinsonism, ataxia or other movement disorders and by neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms. It occurs in patients with chronic liver disease, especially those who develop portosystemic shunting and is often unrecognized as a cause of cognitive decline. Recently, its pathogenesis has been associat...

Key Points: • PSVA/MVD syndrome is a complex polygenic trait causing hepatic portal hypoperfusion. PSVA and MVD usually cannot be distinguished by liver biopsy alone. • PSVA associates with historical & clinicopathologic features lacking in MVD: low RBC MCV, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, urine SG, and ammonium biurate crystalluria and uroliths • PSVA associates with low Protein C activity (100%...

This paper presents some research results on the efficiency of a teaching technique (TIPS) I have used in the Principles of Economics course at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. My presentation will be extremely selective; only the results of five out of some ten different output measures are reported. I shall argue that TIPS represents an improvement over the commonly employed lecture-discu...

We report on progress in the fabrication of cantilever arrays with tips. The process features only one lithographic step for the definition of both the tips and cantilevers. The tips have a uniform height distribution and are placed by selfalignment on the cantilever. The arrays are fabricated for an optical readout technique under development in which the cantilever arrays serve as diffraction...

The concept generation (CG) step in the design process presents tremendous and unique opportunities for enhancing creativity in students. Other researchers have developed a variety of techniques specifically to aid in the CG or ideation process. Based on their work, as well as original work we have done in this area, we have developed a suite of CG techniques for use by students in design class...

Portosystemic collateral formation in cirrhosis plays an important part in events that define the natural history in affected patients. A detailed understanding of collateral anatomy and hemodynamics in cirrhotics is essential to envisage diagnosis, management, and outcomes of portal hypertension. In this review, we provide detailed insights into the historical, anatomical, and hemodynamic aspe...

Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts are rare vascular malformations often associated with severe complications. We describe a term male infant with Down syndrome with high output heart failure secondary to a congenital arterial to portal venous fistula that was diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound. Percutaneous embolizations of the left hepatic vein, portal vein, and communicating fi...

Hepatic encephalopathy is a spectrum of reversible neuropsychiatric abnormalities, seen in patients with liver dysfunction and/or portosystemic shunting. One of the most debilitating complications of cirrhosis, encephalopathy affects 30-45% of cirrhotics. In addition to significantly affecting the lives of patients and their caregivers, it is also associated with increased morbidity and mortali...