Win-win choices cause anxiety, often more so than decisions lacking the opportunity for a highly desired outcome. These anxious feelings can paradoxically co-occur with positive feelings, raising important implications for individual decision styles and general well-being. Across three studies, people chose between products that varied in personal value. Participants reported feeling most posit...

Development of downstream operations in the Iran's petroleum industry has always been considered as a necessity in to create more value-added. One of ways to accomplish the misson, especially in the current situation, is exploiting the capacity of petroleum startups. Considering that these companies need to be valued for financing, and since the traditional valuation methods do not provide effi...

I consider a model where a principal decides whether to produce one unit of an indivisible good (e.g. a private school) and which characteristics (emphasis on language or science) it will contain. Agents (parents) are differentiated along two dimensions: a vertical parameter that captures their privately known valuation for the good (demand for private education), and an horizontal parameter th...

Let p be a prime number and let K be a finite extension of Qp. Let R be the valuation ring of K, P the maximal ideal of R, and K̄ = R/P the residue field of K. Let q denote the cardinality of K̄, so K̄ ≃ Fq. For z in K, let ord z denote the valuation of z, and set |z| = q . Let f be a non constant element of K[x1, . . . , xm]. The p-adic Igusa local zeta function Z(s) associated to f (relative to ...

We investigate valued fields which admit a valuation basis. Given a countable ordered abelian group G and a real closed or algebraically closed field F with subfield K, we give a sufficient condition for a valued subfield of the field of generalized power series F ((G)) to admit aK-valuation basis. We show that the field of rational functions F (G) and the field F (G) of power series in F ((G))...

We give model theoretic criteria for the existence of∃∀ and∀∃formulas in the ring language to define uniformly the valuation rings O of models (K,O) of an elementary theory Σ of henselian valued fields. As one of the applications we obtain the existence of an ∃∀-formula defining uniformly the valuation rings O of valued henselian fields (K,O) whose residue class field k is finite, pseudofinite,...

Typically local search methods for solving constraint satisfaction problems such as GSAT, WalkSAT, DLM, and ESG treat the problem as an optimization problem. Each constraint contributes part of a penalty function in assessing trial valuations. Local search examines the neighbours of the current valuation, using the penalty function to determine a “better” neighbour valuation to move to, until f...

This paper describes an abstract framework, called valuation network (VN), for representing and solving discrete optimization problems. In VNs, we represent information in an optimization problem using functions called valuations. Valuations represent factors of an objective function. Solving a VN involves using two operators called combination and marginalization. The combination operator tell...

We find a characterization of those Polish ultrametric spaces on which each Baire one function is first return recoverable. The notion of pseudo-convergence originating in the theory of valuation fields plays a crucial role in the characterization.

Existing studies on market seasonality and the size effect are largely based on realized returns. This paper investigates seasonal variations and size-related differences in crossstock valuation distribution. We use three stock valuation measures, two derived from structural models and one from book/market ratio. We find that the average valuation level is the highest in mid summer and the lowe...