Astaxanthin (ATX) has been proven to ameliorate early brain injury (EBI) after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by modulating cerebral oxidative stress. This study was performed to assess the effect of ATX on the Nrf2-ARE pathway and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of antioxidant properties of ATX in EBI after SAH. A total of 96 male SD rats were randomly divided into f...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury is a fatal clinical syndrome. Cerebral vasospasm and early brain injury are associated with inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Whether curcumin, which plays important roles to regulate inflammatory cytokines and inhibit oxidative stress, inhibits SAH-induced inflammation and oxidative...

Cerebral vasospasm is one of the major complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm thus plays a critical role in the management of SAH patients. However, the mechanism of cerebral vasospasm still remains elusive, while effective therapeutic strategies also remain to be established. The role of thrombin and its receptor proteinase-activated ...

Exposure to traumatic events often results in severe distress which may elicit self-medication behaviors. Yet, some individuals exposed to trauma do not develop post-traumatic stress symptoms and comorbid addictive impulses. In the wake of traumatic events, psychological processes like thought suppression and mindfulness may modulate post-traumatic stress and craving for substances. We examined...

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Approximately 40% of hemorrhagic stroke survivors develop hydrocephalus. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been shown to be anti-inflammation following experimental stroke; however, its effect upon post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus formation is not known. The objective of this study is to investigate whether HBO therapy can effectively reduce hydrocephalus formation and improve neur...

s The Effect of Graded Hypocapnia and Hypercapnia on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebral Vessel Caliber In the Rhesus Monkey: Study of Cerebral Hemodynamics Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Traumatic Internal Carotid Spasm • Correlative cerebral blood flow (CBF) and vessel diameter studies were performed during graded Paco, change in control monkeys and in monkeys subjected to subara...

OBJECTIVE Violence, accidents and natural disasters are known to cause post-traumatic stress, which is typically accompanied by fear, suffering and impaired quality of life. Similar to chronic diseases, such events preoccupy the patient over longer periods. We hypothesised that post-traumatic stress could also be caused by Crohn's disease (CD), and that CD specific post-traumatic stress could b...

Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal modeling of death anxiety in veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and experiential avoidance with the mediating role of coping self-efficacy. Instrument & Methods: The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population of the present study...

post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) is an increasingly recognized and theoretically preventable condition. in fact ptsd is a mental disorder that can develop after a person is exposed to a traumatic event or threats, such as war and traffic crashes. symptoms may include distressing thoughts and increased arousal. these signs last for more than one month after the event. people with ptsd are a...