The Web has evolved from a handful of static web pages to billions of dynamic and interactive web pages. This evolution has positively transformed the paradigm of communication, trading, and collaboration for the benefit of humanity. However, these invaluable benefits of the Web are shadowed by cyber-criminals who use the Web as a medium to perform malicious activities motivated by illegitimate...

BACKGROUND While HIV testing and counselling is a key entry point for treatment as prevention, over half of HIV-infected adults in Kenya are unaware they are infected. Offering HIV self-testing (HST) at community pharmacies may enhance detection of undiagnosed infections. We assessed the feasibility of pharmacy-based HST in Coastal Kenya. METHODS Staff at five pharmacies, supported by on-site...

Abstract Pre-service biology teachers’ environmental literacy is still generally low. It necessary to improve their through the innovation of open inquiry learning kits. There are two primary aims this study: (1) develop appropriate kits that can foster pre-service in education courses, (2) examine effectiveness improving literacy. This study used procedure 4-D Thiagarajan model, i.e., four sta...

BACKGROUND The measurement of patient and professional views of quality are important components in the evaluation of health care delivery. OBJECTIVE To describe the development and evaluation of the GPs' Experiences Questionnaire (GPEQ) for assessing the quality of community mental health clinics in Norway. METHODS DESIGN Literature review, GP interviews, pre-testing of questionnaire it...

A group of 4964 applicants for employment in the U.S. Postal service in Boston provided a voluntary urine specimen for the purpose of screening for marijuana, cocaine and other nontherapeutic drugs during the period from September 24, 1986 to January 6,1989. This was a blind study: results of the drug screening were not known to the applicants, the hiring or medical personnel, nor to Postal Ser...

The postal network is an interconnection network that possesses many desirable properties which are important in network design and applications. It includes hypercubes and Fibonacci cubes as its special cases. The postal network can also be considered as a flexible version of the hypercube which relaxes the restriction on the number of nodes and thus makes it possible to construct multicompute...

1Museo de Zoologı́a “Alfonso L. Herrera,” Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-399, D.F. 04510, Mexico; 2Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA; 3Departamento de Biologı́a Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecologı́a, A. C., Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91000, Mexico; and 4Department of Bi...

Forensic DNA analysts often perform short tandem repeat (STR) typing on highly degraded biological material and then turn to mitochondrial DNA testing if many or all of the STRs fail. The commercially available kits for multiplex amplification of the 13 CODIS STR loci usually exhibit allele or locus-dropout for larger sized loci with degraded DNA or samples containing PCR inhibitors. Recently, ...

BACKGROUND HIV prevalence remains high among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, yet the majority of research has focused on MSM as individuals, not as dyads, and has discussed HIV risks primarily in the context of casual sex. Nexus is an online prevention program that combines home-based HIV testing and couples HIV testing and counseling (CHTC). It allows partners in dyadic M...

Background Mycoplasma testing on cell lines or biological products used to be performed based on classical methods such as agar and broth medium and/or indicator cell culture. However, these methods require a long incubation period and are not adapted for samples, like live-attenuated vaccine viruses (which can not completely be neutralized) or cell therapy products (with short shelf life). NAT...