abstract   background: to evaluate proximal junctional segment changes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(ais) the posterior spinal fusion and also instrumentation also and finding of probable risk factors, were all considered in this study.   methods: we retrospectively reviewed radiographs of 121 consecutive patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion for ais from t3 or below, with a mean ...

The congenital H-type fistula between the anorectum and genital tract besides a normal anus is a rare entity in the spectrum of anorectal anomalies. We described a girl with an anovestibuler H-type fistula and left vulvar abscess. A 40-day-old girl presented symptoms after her parents noted the presence of stool at the vestibulum. On the physical examination, anus was in normal location and siz...

background and purpose: posterior urethral valve (puv) is one of the most severe urinary tract anomalies presenting as antenatal hydronephrosis that could lead to severe dilatation and functional impairment of one or both kidneys. the aim of this study was to analyze our experience on patients with a diagnosis of puv. materials and methods: in this prospective study neonates with a diagnosis of...

background: remifentanil is a narcotic drug used in anaesthesia for establishment of hemodynamic stability. the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on urine excretion. methods: in a randomized clinical trial, 60 patients, who were candidates for elective surgery for lumbar posterior spinal fusion, were divided randomly into two groups of 30 as remifenta...

how to cite this article: arzanian mt, shamsian bsh, karimzadeh p, kajiyazdi m, malek f, hammoud m. posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in pediatric hematologic-oncologic disease: literature review and case presentation. iran j child neurol. 2014 spring 8(2):1-10. objective posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (pres) is a cliniconeuroradiological disease entity, which is repres...

purpose: to evaluate the effects of posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide (ta) injection on clinical, angiographic, and optical coherence tomographic (oct) features in refractory diabetic macular edema (dme). method: in a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trial, 38 consecutive patients (64 eyes) with dme refractory to previous laser therapy or not suitable for such treat...

purpose:  to evaluate the significance of the presence of pigment granules in  the anterior  vitreous as a reliable indicator of retinal breaks in patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment  (pvd) . methods: this cross sectional study included 209 phakic patients with acute symptomatic pvd. the patients underwent anterior vitreous examination and fundoscopy. patients with dia...

introduction: ondine’s curse is a catastrophic but rare condition in adults. it is referred to as a congenital or acquired condition, in which the patient cannot breathe automatically while asleep. acquired causes of this disease can be any cause affecting the ventrolateral part of the medulla, which is considered to be the breathing center in humans.    case report:   a 51-year-old woman, with...

the thyrocervical trunk most commonly arises from the upper portion of the first segment of the subclavian artery, close to the medial edge of the scalenus anterior muscle and after short distance is divided to the inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular artery. this study reports important variations in branches of the thyrocervical trunk in a singular female cadaver. on the r...