The desideratum for the concept of a semiotic web is proposed. It combines both the recent semantic web and the pragmatic web initiatives but surpasses them in being faithful to Charles S. Peirce’s pragmatic approach to inquiry. I will address some conceptual shortcomings of the semantic and pragmatic web proposals, and suggest that in a semiotic web, one can to operationalise its basic ideas i...

BACKGROUND Modern clinical-research practice favors placebo controls over usual-care controls whenever a credible placebo exists. An unrecognized consequence of this preference is that clinicians are more limited in their ability to provide the benefits of the non-specific healing effects of placebos in clinical practice. METHODS We examined the issues in choosing between placebo and usual-ca...

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study ai...

For the Intentionalist, utterance content is wholly determined by a speaker’s meaning-intentions; sentence uttered serves merely to facilitate audience’s recovering these intentions. We argue that Intentionalists ought be Particularists, holding only “principles” of meaning recovery needed are those governing inferences best explanation; both defeasible and, in sense elaborated, variable. discu...

It is increasingly obvious that modern good governance in both the public and private sectors should involve all relevant stakeholders. However, it is less clear what specific functions or roles the different stakeholders should take on concerning governance issues. With that in mind, this chapter reflects on the linkages between governance functions, the roles and responsibilities of the stake...

this study explores the use of the english locution i love you in the american context. the data were collected through a focus discussion group and a survey questionnaire. 120 college undergraduate students from a large public american university participated in the study with 28 attending the focus discussion group and 92 completing the survey questionnaire. the findings indicated that the us...

this study explores the use of the english locution i love you in the american context. the data were collected through a focus discussion group and a survey questionnaire. 120 college undergraduate students from a large public american university participated in the study with 28 attending the focus discussion group and 92 completing the survey questionnaire. the findings indicated that the us...

Having pragmatic competence, one can communicate appropriately in social contexts. Pragmatic competence is defined as “the ability to use the language express a wide range of functions well interpret their illocutionary force discourse according socio-cultural context which they are used”. The present study aimed at investigating Iraqi Kurdish EFL learners through comprehension speech acts, imp...

Phrase-final intonation was analysed in a subcorpus of Swedish computer-directed question utterances with the objective of investigating the extent to which final rises occur in spontaneous questions, and also to see if such rises might have pragmatic functions over and beyond the signalling of interrogative mode. Final rises occurred in 22 percent of the utterances. Final rises occurred mostly...