When midlatitude baroclinic systems move over a mountain range, the precipitation from the system intensifies over and sometimes upwind of the slope of the mountain barrier. The maximum precipitation occurs on the lower windward slopes in almost immediate response to the orographically induced lifting of the air such that the maximum precipitation may occur well below the summit of the range (e...

â â â  in this study, ability and skill of the nesting version of the regcm3 regional climate model in simulation of monthly and seasonal amount of precipitation and temperature using four different cumulus parameterization of grell-as, grell-fc, emanuel and kuo have been studied over khorasan area including three provinces of north khorasan, khorasan razavi and south khorasan. in this regards,...

Precipitation variability and magnitude are expected to change in many parts of the world over the 21st century. We examined the potential effects of intra-annual rainfall patterns on soil nitrogen (N) transport and transformation in the unsaturated soil zone using a deterministic dynamic modeling approach. The model based on TOUGHREACT [corrected], which has been tested and applied in several ...

Drought is an inherent trait of most rangelands and sound management necessitates managers address two fundamental questions when facing a drought situation. The first question is, ‘‘what is the probability that a useful amount of precipitation will be received over the period of concern?’’ and the second question is, ‘‘if it does rain, what will the impact be in terms of quantity and quality o...

Anthropogenic forces are projected to lead to warmer temperatures and altered precipitation patterns globally. The impact of these climatic changes on the uptake of carbon by the land surface will, in part, determine the rate and magnitude of these changes. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to climate in the future. Here, we used a fully fa...

in recent decades, neyshabour basin as a semi-arid climate has faced with dramatic increasing of groundwater withdrawal. so, water demand management is important in this basin. in this study, the effects of evapotranspiration and rainfall on groundwater fluctuations have been considered with 22 rain gage and evaporation gage station data during 1973-2006. the average amount of rainfall and evap...

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Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccine which is prepared in Razi Institute is used in endemic areas ofIran. Aluminum-hydroxide gel was used as adjuvant for preparing this vaccine. Post-vaccinal shock reactionswere the main complaint after use of this vaccine. In a previous study, we could improve the vaccine byalum-precipitation Pasteurella multocida cells and removing the liquid phase. In this ...

• Baseflow: Baseflow is the water in a stream that is not directly associated with a specific precipitation events (i.e., event runoff). It is usually comprised of groundwater flow and slower shallow subsurface flow components including soil water drainage. • Drainage area/catchment/watershed: A watershed is the geographic area that contributes water to the same single point in a river or strea...