Lethal and nonlethal effects of predation are likely to impact phenotypic traits potential prey that elude capture. Nonlethal on can include alterations in behavior or morphology response risk which may impair growth fitness. The application pesticide mosquito control during aquatic stages interact with stress alter density prey. Insect regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen is a mainly prevents pupal-ad...

Herbivore populations are regulated by bottom-up control through food availability and quality and by top-down control through natural enemies. Intensive agricultural monocultures provide abundant food to specialized herbivores and at the same time negatively impact natural enemies because monocultures are depauperate in carbohydrate food sources required by many natural enemies. As a consequen...

1 By D. J.! REDDY, m.d. Department of ForensicT^Medieine, Andhra Medical College, Vizagapatam Cysticercosis is the term given to the somatic infestation of man by cysticercus cellulosse, the larval or bladder worm stage of Tccnia solium. There is no authentic record of the infestation of man by cysticercus bovis?the corresponding stage of Tienia saginata. Man is the definitive host of Tccnia so...

A single light episode during the first larval stage can set the phase of adult Drosophila activity rhythms, showing that a light-sensitive circadian clock is functional in larvae and is capable of keeping time throughout development. These behavioral data are supported by the finding that neurons expressing clock proteins already exist in the larval brain and appear to be connected to the larv...

—Studies of prey responses to different predators are needed to investigate costs and benefits of particular antipredator responses and to unravel community-level effects on phenotypic plasticity. We reared laboratory-bred larvae of Arizona Tiger Salamanders, Ambystoma tigrinum nebulosum with either of two common predators, diving beetle larvae (Dytiscus sp.) or dragonfly naiads (Anax junius). ...

We have analysed the cell lineage relationships between larval and imaginal mesodermal primordia at the blastoderm stage by homotopic single cell transplantations. The primordia of adepithelial cells, the precursors of adult thoracic muscles, are restricted to the region from 50 to 65% egg length within the ventrally located mesodermal anlage. Clones of adepithelial cells always show a common c...

A predator-prey system was studied that has a discrete delay, stage-structure, and Beddington-DeAngelis functional response, where predator species has three stages, immature, mature, and old age stages. By using of Mawhin's continuous theorem of coincidence degree theory, a sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of a positive periodic solution.

A delayed predator-prey model with stage structure for the predator is proposed and investigated. Sufficient conditions are derived for persistence, the local and global asymptotic stability of a positive equilibrium of the model. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our main results. ! 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ocean acidification has the potential to cause dramatic changes in marine ecosystems. Larval damselfish exposed to concentrations of CO(2) predicted to occur in the mid- to late-century show maladaptive responses to predator cues. However, there is considerable variation both within and between species in CO(2) effects, whereby some individuals are unaffected at particular CO(2) concentrations ...

In the life history of holometabolous insects, distinct developmental stages are tightly linked to feeding and non-feeding periods. The larval stage is characterized by extensive feeding, which supports the rapid growth of the animal and allows accumulation of energy stores, primarily in the larval fat body. In Drosophila melanogaster access to these stores during pupal development is possible ...