The equivalence between autonomicity and the absence of free variables is a well-known result for linear, shift-invariant and complete behaviors over a field. However, this no longer holds for a behavior that does not satisfy one of those properties. In this paper we consider linear, shift-invariant and complete behaviors over the ring Zpr and study under which conditions such behaviors are aut...

This paper presents an analysis of the copy construction that explains its similarity to extraction constructions while accounting for its incompatibility with wh+NP phrases. Essentially, wh-phrases without an NP complement can be copied because they’re non-quantificational (introducing only a free variable into the derivation). Whphraseswith anNP complement cannot be copied because thesewh-phr...

Field equations for generalized principle models with nonconstant metric are derived and ansatz for their Lax pairs is given. Equations that define the Lax pairs are solved for the simplest solvable group. The solution is dependent on one free variable that can serve as the spectral parameter. Painlevé analysis of the resulting model is performed and its particular solutions are found 1991 MSC ...

BACKGROUND Shrubs play a key role in biogeochemical cycles, prevent soil and water erosion, provide forage for livestock, and are a source of food, wood and non-wood products. However, despite their ecological and societal importance, the influence of different environmental variables on shrub distributions remains unclear. We evaluated the influence of climate and soil characteristics, and whe...

A set of operat ions for construct ing a lgebra ic specif icat ions in an arbi t rary logical system is presented. This builds on the f ramework provided by Goguen and Burstal l 's work on the not ion of an inst i tut ion as a formal isat ion of the concept of a logical system for wri t ing specif icat ions. We show how to introduce free variables into the sentences of an arbi t rary institutio...

An important feature of speech-gesture integration is that speech and gesture content influence each other in interpretation. To analyse this, we sketch an approach based on three assumptions: (i) the interpreter infers by abduction an explanation for why a particular gesture is synchronized with a particular utterance (part), (ii) semantic composition amounts to the identification of free vari...