Abstract Tocharian B eñcuwo “iron” and A añcu * have been connected to the Iranian words for “iron”, notably Khwarezmian hnčw . On basis of insights into patterns borrowings from Khotanese Tocharian, it is argued that must borrowed a preform hīśśana- “iron”. Further, new etymology proposed accounts variation this word in Iranian. The fact Khotanese, not archaic steppe dialect source many other ...

To secure a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) in cyber-physical systems, trust management framework copes with misbehavior problem of nodes and stimulate nodes to cooperate with each other. The existing trust management frameworks can be classified into reputation-based framework and trust establishment framework. There, however, are still many problems with these existing trust manag...