A study was performed to elucidate the chemical-kinetic mechanism of combustion of toluene. A detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism for toluene was improved by adding a more accurate description of the phenyl + O2 reaction channels, toluene decomposition reactions and the benzyl + O reaction. Results of the chemical kinetic mechanism are compared with experimental data obtained from premixed and ...

An experimental and computational investigation on the liftoff characteristics of laminar partially premixed flames (PPFs) under normal (1-g) and microgravity (μ-g) conditions is presented. Lifted methane–air PPFs were established in axisymmetric coflowing jets using nitrogen dilution and various levels of partial premixing. The μ-g experiments were conducted in the 2.2-s drop tower at the NASA...

A semi-implicit preconditioned iterative method is proposed for the time-integration of the stiff chemistry in simulations of unsteady reacting flows, such as turbulent flames, using detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the simultaneous treatment of convection, diffusion, and chemistry, without using operator splitting techniques. The preconditioner corresponds to an appr...

New stationary solutions of the (Michelson) Sivashinsky equation of premixed flames are obtained numerically in this paper. Some of these solutions, of the bicoalescent type recently described by Guidi and Marchetti, are stable with Neumann boundary conditions. With these boundary conditions, the time evolution of the Sivashinsky equation in the presence of a moderate white noise is controlled ...

OBJECTIVE We compared two strategies initiating and intensifying insulin treatment and tested for noninferiority of premixed insulin to basal ± mealtime insulin analog in patients eating light breakfasts. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized, open-label, 48-week study compared two algorithms. Up to three injections of insulin lispro mix 25 and/or insulin lispro mix 50 (premix; premixed...

premixed non-setting calcium hydroxide (caoh 2 ) paste in pressure syringe system is commonly used in root canal therapy. the aim of this paper is to present a case involving an iatrogenic extrusion of the medicament during endodontic treatment and a literature review of similar reports. the present case demonstrates severe tissue necrosis and other deleterious effects following the extrusion o...

1 Introduction A balance between the flame propagation speed and the fluid velocity must be maintained to maintain the flame in a chemically reacting flow. Since the fluid velocity exceeds the flame speed in supersonic combustion applications, the flameholding issue is solved by generation of some sort of recirculation region which ensures sufficient residence time so that the processes involve...

INTRODUCTION This subgroup analysis of data from the 16-week Lantus Registry Study in China investigated the characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) associated with clinical benefits of transitioning therapy from premixed insulin to insulin glargine (100 U/ml) plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). METHODS The modified intention-to-treat population of the Lantus Registr...