Introduction: Depression and anxiety are common among patients with migraine usually associated a humanistic financial burden. This study aims to examine the direct healthcare expenditures adults alone or comorbid and/or depression. Methods: was retrospective cross-sectional using 2012, 2014, 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data. Adult aged ≥22 years headache were included in study. The o...

this commentary discusses pertinent issues from hyosun kim’s paper on online prescription drug promotion. the study is well-designed and the findings highlight some of the consequences of the food and drug administration’s (fda’s) decision to deregulate online advertising of prescription drugs. while kim’s findings confirm some of the early concerns, they also provide a perspective of implement...

background: direct thrombin inhibitors and factor xa inhibitors are gaining popularity as alternatives to warfarin for patients requiring anticoagulation. toxicity due to these medications is difficult to manage because overdose experience is very limited and there is no clear guidance on when or whether to use antidote in this setting. case presentation: a 50-year-old man with normal renal fun...

background: in order to fit the job physiologically to the worker, understanding of acceptable work load is very important. this study was conducted to estimate energy expenditure during the work and associated factors among male workers of a steel industry. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 100 male workers employed in foolad payeh fars with dynamic job participated voluntarily. data col...

the authors examine the effects of government expenditure on economic growth in iran, using annual data for the period of 1973-2003. in this paper, they lookat the offects of human, physical capital, and government budget on gdp. in the model developed in this paper, accumulation of human capital is dependent on physical. human capital, and government budget as well. the result indicate that go...

Background and purpose: Utilization of health care services and food influence the health status. The food and health care expenditure ratios determine the importance level of them in household's consumption expenditures. We aimed to investigate the Iranian rural and urban food and health expenditure ratios inequality during 1998 to 2012. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive longitudina...