Standard discussions of perfect price discrimination rest on a hidden assumption: that the monopolist can make take-it-or-leave-it offers. If a monopoly charges different prices to each of a large number of buyers, the correct paradigm is not the ultimatum game, but bilateral monopoly. The monopolist’s profit will not be the entire surplus, but something less. Under “balanced isoperfect price d...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classifications: D42 L11 L50 Keywords: Monopoly Third-degree price discrimination Endogenous market segmentation Parallel trade We consider the optimal market segmentation problem of a monopolist that faces a continuum of customers when it is costly to prevent resale (or parallel trade) among groups. In our framework, the monopolist chooses the number k ≥ 1 of market s...

This paper addresses the possibility of capacity withholding by energy producers, who seek to increase the market price and their own profits. The energy market is simulated as an iterative game, where each state game corresponds to an hourly energy auction with uniform pricing mechanism. The producers are modeled as agents that interact with their environment through reinforcement learning (RL...

T paper studies the preorder strategy that a seller may use to sell a perishable product in an uncertain market with heterogeneous consumers. By accepting preorders, the seller is able to obtain advance demand information for inventory planning and price discriminate the consumers. Given the preorder option, the consumers react strategically by optimizing the timing of purchase. We find that ac...

W incorporate the concept of fairness in a conventional dyadic channel to investigate how fairness may affect channel coordination. We show that when channel members are concerned about fairness, the manufacturer can use a simple wholesale price above her marginal cost to coordinate this channel both in terms of achieving the maximum channel profit and in terms of attaining the maximum channel ...

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Tax Planning dan Net Profit Margin terhadap Price Earning Ratio pada perusahaan makanan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016 – 2020. merupakan jenis penelitian asosiatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling . Sehingga diperoleh sebanyak 12 BEI - 2020 total data pengamatan 60 sela...

We consider the problem of an electric-power marketer offering a fixed-price forward contract to provide electricity that it purchases from a potentially volatile and unpredictable fledgling spot energy market. One option for the risk-averse marketer who wants to hedge against the spot-price volatility is to engage in cross hedging to reduce the contract’s profit variance, and to determine the ...

due to limitation of available water and soil resources in iran, the challenge of optimizing the utilization of these resources has become more significant. one of the solutions to the economic, planning and optimization of water use and achieve the optimum level of water use is associated with improved farming activities and this is the most important agricultural research needs. the study of ...

in this paper, the competition between two supply chains and their elements is studied. each chain consisted of a manufacturer and a distributor and the two chains compete in a market with single type of customer sensitive to price and delivery time. therefore, this is a two-supply chain game and during the competition between two supply chains, elements of each supply chain (manufacturer and/o...