background: alcohol is a potent teratogen and alcohol use in pregnancy and the periconception period can cause many complications in mother, fetus and neonate.  discussion: alcohol in the mother's blood passes through the placenta to the baby through the umbilical cord. drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and a range of lifelong disorders. alcohol-related birth ...

BACKGROUND Both the 10-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its abbreviated 3-item version (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption [AUDIT-C]) are considered to detect unhealthy alcohol use accurately. PURPOSE To examine whether the AUDIT-C is as accurate as the full AUDIT for detecting unhealthy alcohol use in adults. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL...

In the last decade a growing body of research has called attention to the consumption of alcohol as a factor contributing to the commission of rape. Rada, Amir, and Gebhard et al., have stressed the association between rape and alcoholism, although the estimated strength of that association (correlation) has varied widely. l.2.3,4,5 The purpose of this paper is to assess the contribution of alc...

Of the 17.9 million adult Americans who have an alcohol use disorder, most (89%) are unaware of their condition.1 The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists more than 30 specific immediate and long-term health risks associated with excessive alcohol use,2 suggesting that identifying and addressing alcohol use is an important component of primary medical care. Screening, brief in...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Unrecorded alcohol constitutes about 30% of all alcohol consumed globally. The aims of this systematic review were to determine the epidemiology (occurrence, types, prevalence) of unrecorded alcohol consumption in different countries/regions, analyse the chemical composition of unrecorded alcohol and examine health outcomes caused by the consumption of unrecorded alcohol, ba...

BACKGROUND Combining energy drinks (such as 'Red Bull(®)') with alcohol is becoming increasingly popular, particularly among young people. However, as yet, limited research has been conducted examining the harms associated with this form of drinking. OBJECTIVE To review current evidence associated with combining energy drinks with alcohol and provide recommendations for addressing this issue ...

Canadian findings suggest that health care providers require further training and education to support their work preventing fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). However, the knowledge and training of health care students in relation to FASD remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to understand the attitudes and beliefs of health care students about alcohol use during pregn...

sugar beet pulp is one of the sugar industries by-products which can be used for cellulase enzyme production, enzymatic saccharification, and alcohol production due to its high percentage of lingo-cellulosic content. trichoderma spp. is an important fungus that produces a wide range of cellulytic enzymes. in this study, cellulase enzyme was produced by placing sugar beet pulp in trichoderma fer...