BACKGROUND We estimated the hospitalization costs associated with hypertension as a secondary diagnosis among insured adults aged 18-64 years by using data from 2005 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE) inpatient admissions. METHODS We analyzed costs for four patient groups (N = 455,944): (i) all selected patients; (ii) patients with the primary diagnosis of ischemic heart disea...

background: hypertension is fast emerging as a major health problem amongst all school adolescents, particularly in urban areas. regular screening of the students for this is required for preventing the emergence of complications later in life. therefore,the present study was undertaken with the objective to determine the prevalence of hypertension amongst urban school adolescents and its corre...

The effects ofpulmonary hypertension on cardiopulmonary function were investigated by ventilatory, haemodynamic, and metabolic studies at rest and during exercise. The studies were carried out in 12 patients with primary, thromboembolic, or residual pulmonary hypertension after surgical closure of intracardiac defects, and in II patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to obstructive lung...

Definition of terms Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure > 25 mm Hg at rest or 30 mm Hg with exercise. The classification of pulmonary hypertension is linked to the anatomy or the aetiology. These diagnostic categories are for the convenience of deciding on treatment. Primary pulmonary hypertension refers to pulmonary hypertension for which no cause can be ident...

HE PATHOGENESIS of the syndrome "primary pulmonary arterial hyper-tension has been the subject of inereasing interest in recent years.12 The syndrome is characterized by pulmonary arterial hypertension in the absence of significant primary pulmonary parenchymatous disease or primary cardiac disorder. The hypertension has usually been attributed to pulmonary vascular lesions, which increase the ...

Considering the important surface in pulmonary circulation where blood can interact with the endothelium, the maintenance of blood fluidity through the lung, by antithrombotic pathways and products of the endothelium, is essential. This function appears to be ineffective in primary pulmonary hypertension and in severe secondary pulmonary hypertension. Thrombotic lesions are frequently found in ...

Previous studies, including our own, have demonstrated that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is increased in patients with essential hypertension compared with normotensive subjects. However, the features of sympathetic nerve activity are still unknown in secondary hypertension. We examined MSNA in eight patients with renovascular hypertension and in 11 patients with primary aldosteroni...

Hypertension is the most prevalent chronic medical condition seen in primary care. It a silent disease because of its asymptomatic nature and usually diagnosed at advanced stage. effects various organs like heart, kidney, etc. responsible for 10.8% deaths India. Over years many biomarkers are identified to understand pathophysiology hypertension. Biomarkers have unique role prognosis as level r...

In liver cirrhosis, variceal bleeding is the last in a chain of events initiated by the increase in portal pressure (estimated in clinical practice by the hepatic venous pressure gradient). When hepatic venous pressure gradient goes above 10 mmHg the patient is at risk of developing varices, and when hepatic venous pressure gradient reaches 12 mmHg variceal bleeding might develop. Currently, th...

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common cause of secondary hypertension, because it involves 11.2% of referred hypertensive patients.1 Primary hyperparathyroidism (PPTH) is much less common, with a prevalence that, albeit imprecisely known, is probably 0.01% in unselected hypertensives. However, arterial hypertension develops in the majority (56% to 80%) of the PPTH patients,2 which can explain ...