through a decree of imam khomeini, the jihad-e sazandegi organ was formed in 1979 with the aim of rebuilding rural regions and providing services to the deprived areas. initially, it was not thought the jihad to be also involved in uncivil activities as well, but with the beginning of the conflicts before the imposed war and then the war itself, the necessaries required this organization to do ...

The purpose of this study was to compare symptoms of PTSD among war affected people and employees in the fire station. Totally, 60 people affected by war and 60 fire workers were selected using simple random sampling. By completing PCL inventory, samples of PTSD were characterized. Data was analysed through SPSS software by independent t-test. As the results showed, severity of PTSD symptoms am...

The aspiration of an Atlas is to cover the whole world, by compiling cartographical material representing territories from across five continents. This book intends contribute that ideally comprehensive, yet always unfinished, with pieces gathered all Earth’s regions. However, its focus not so much a geographical nature (although maps and reflections are absent in pages), but historical-analyti...

Missile injuries of the kidney are rare even in wartime. Of 4500 patients admitted to the Ghaem Medical Center in the first two years of the Iran-Iraq war, only 96 had injuries of the genitourinary tract (2.1 %) and only 35 involved the kidney usually with multiple injuries to other viscera. The mortality for those with urogenital injuries was 8.3% (compared with World War I, 60% and World...

We present a case of a 71-year-old Vietnamese man with chronic kidney disease secondary to adult polycystic kidney disease. He had been a prisoner of war before undergoing a successful cadaveric renal transplant in the United States. He presented to clinic one year after the transplant with gross hematuria, productive cough, intermittent chills, and weight loss. Long standing peripheral eosinop...

during the eight years of holy defense, the war supporting and engineering of jihad along with the iranian military forces (the army and irgc) participated in various operations and played a key role in defending the country.the review of jihad extensive activities in different operations offers a part of the untold history of the war to the researchers and interested in this area.the supply an...

BACKGROUND Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in most countries. They have high rates of physical and psychiatric co-morbidity, compared to community dwelling older persons and also compared with other prisoner groups. Very high rates of mental illness have been found in remand (pre-trial) prisoners when compared with other prisoner groups; however to date there have bee...

More than 700,000 prisoners are released from incarceration each year in the United States, and most end up residing in urban areas, clustered within a select few neighborhoods. The massive rise in the number of returning prisoners combined with the geographic concentration of these ex-prisoners means that select urban neighborhoods have become inundated with individuals who have served time in...

The authors compared 127 insanity acquittees in the state of Maryland with a matched prisoner control group of 127 convicted felons and a comparison group of 135 mentally disordered prisoners transferred for hospital treatment. Subjects were followed from five to 17 years after discharge from hospital or release from prison. Subsequent arrests, hospitalizations, employment, and functioning of t...