The liberalisation of the telecommunications industry has resulted in a proliferation of new services and services providers. This is particularly the case in the rapidly expanding IPbased services market. Providers include ISPs, Virtual Private Network (VPN) and application service providers, and backbone operators. The final service set delivered to the customer will result from the combinati...

The term “VPN,” or Virtual Private Network, has become almost as recklessly used in the networking industry as has "QoS" (Quality of Service) to describe a broad set of problems and "solutions," when the objectives themselves have not been properly articulated. This confusion has resulted in a situation where the popular trade press, industry pundits, and vendors and consumers of networking tec...

This paper describes an efficient way to implement managed bandwidth services. The proposed solution is based on MPLS technology and especially with the creation of virtual private networks. The virtual private networks will be layer 3 VPNs (IP VPNs) and are described all the mechanisms and the MPLS features that are necessary for the MBS service implementation. The paper also describes how the...

IP based Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are being deployed as the solution of choice for site-to-site communication for a large number of enterprises. The provider networks that support these services are faced with unique challenges in terms of network planning. There is a lot of value in understanding the characteristics of VPNs from the perspective of planning, provisioning and maintenance ...

In this article we describe recent work done in building a university-wide grid at the University of Cambridge based on the Condor middleware [1]. Once the issues of stakeholder concerns (e.g. security policies) and technical problems (e.g. firewalls and private IP addresses) have been taken into account, a solution based on two separate Condor environments was decided on. The first of these is...

Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network “DMVPN” is a solution for the dynamic creation of virtual Private IP tunnels between multiple sites automatically, quickly and with the least configuration. Routing protocols are component technologies' main parts of the DMVPN solution, they ensure the smooth establishment of tunnels and have a major impact on network’s behavior and transported applica...

the main objective of present paper was to study the validity of agricultural extension indices for ranking iranian provinces in terms of extension and education activities. the study was carried out in two phases. in phase one through review of literature, 137 extension-education indices were identified. the indices were classified in seven fields as following: 1) indices of extension workers,...

This study examined the training needs of agricultural extension agents in Delta State, Nigeria. A sample of 102 respondents was drawn from extension agents in the States’ Agricultural Development Programme (ADP), Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources (MANR) and the FADAMA Programme. Data were collected in February 2017 by using a structured and validated questionnaire. Data generated w...

abstractthe purpose of this study was to assess organizational and personnel structure in iranian agriculture extension system (iaes). the research instrument was a structural questionnaire including close-ended questions which its validity and reliability was confirmed by using expert panel and cranach’s alpha test, respectively. the statistical population of this research included all public ...