We present a new decision-making model that can account for trial-by-trial variability induced by a process ("pre-process") that occurs before an explicit sensory signal specifying a later motor response. A process after explicit sensory signals, referred to herein as the "post-process", has been investigated by a variety of so-called rise-to-threshold models including the LATER model. The LATE...

As a software product line evolves both in space and in time, variability realizations tend to erode in the sense that they become overly complex to understand and maintain. To solve this challenge, various tactics are proposed to deal with both eroded variability realizations in the existing product line and variability realizations that tend to erode in the future. Moreover, a variability imp...

We have used an innovative tuneable filter technique to carry out a search for the variability signatures of meterological process in the atmospheres of two nearby brown dwarfs. We find no evidence for variability in the L-type brown dwarf DENIS-P J12281547, and evidence for variability in the M-type brown dwarf LP944-20.

Software variability management is a key factor in the success of software systems and software product families. An important aspect of software variability management is the evolution of variability in response to changing markets, business needs, and advances in technology. To be able to determine whether, when, and how variability should evolve, we have developed the COVAMOF software variab...

Many design teams migrate to advanced IC process nodes to increase performance while reducing area and power. Timing performance and predictability can be compromised, however, if there’s too much systematic variability. Fortunately, systematic variability can be modeled and mitigated if one understands the causes. A leading cause of systematic variability at 45 nm and below is the application ...

Variability has proved to be a central concept in different engineering domains, manufacturing, software development etc. in order to develop solutions that can be easily adapted to different organizational settings and different sets of customer at a low price. Teleological processes have, by nature, a high level of variability. Our position is that the integration of “context-awareness” in th...

Variability is inherent in health care and is a result of many complex interactions between patients and providers, and those among providers. Physician autonomy is one aspect that causes variability. Professionals with autonomy tend to have control over conditions, processes, and procedures (Walter & Lopez, 2008) and this leads to the existence of differentiated process pathways. Providers wor...

A brief background to the development of the rock engineering design process is given, showing that since the development of the science of mathematics, deterministic methods have been used to perform various calculations. The variability of rock properties and support characteristics have always been known. However, they were not explicitly used in design but compensated for by the use of a sa...

Assisted human reproduction is characterized by a high variability in results regarding pregnancy and birth rates. In fact, in a cohort of fertilized oocytes from the same stimulation cycle, the development rate varies drastically, even though produced at the same time and under similar conditions. This variability results in large differences in implantation potential of human embryos develope...

PROCESS VARIATIONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR manufacturing and their potentially negative impact on VLSI designs are well-known phenomena. Papers published in IEEE transactions and conference proceedings date back to the 1970s. Traditionally, variability has been considered a manufacturing problem in which the device and process engineers were supposed to minimize the variations. To guardband the impact...