Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTH-rP), a potent vasorelaxant, are present and synthesized in human endometrium. The production of these vasoactive peptides in stromal cells of the human endometrium is modulated by sex steroid hormones. In addition, neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (also called enkephalinase), which degrades ET-1, is expressed...

Progesterone (P4) regulates a wide range of neural functions and likely acts through multiple receptors. Over the past 30 years, most studies investigating neural effects of P4 focused on genomic and non-genomic actions of the classical progestin receptor (PGR). More recently the focus has widened to include two groups of non-classical P4 signaling molecules. Members of the Class II progestin a...

Increased proliferation and breast cancer risk has been observed in postmenopausal women receiving estrogen (E) + progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Progestin action is mediated through two progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms, PRA and PRB, with unique transcriptional activity and function. The current study examines hormonal regulation of PR isoforms in the normal postmenopausal human...

We conducted a study to evaluate the influences of nutritional management, trace mineral supplementation, and exogenous progesterone on attainment of puberty in beef heifers. Heifers (n = 180) were assigned at weaning to blocks and treatments. Treatments included two dietary regimens (corn silage vs pasture + oatlage), trace mineral supplementation, and puberty induction strategy (with or witho...

Hormonally induced azoospermia induced by weekly im injections of testosterone enanthate provides effective and reversible male contraception, but more practical regimens are needed. Given our previous findings that six 200-mg pellets implanted subdermally produced more stable, physiological T levels and reduced the delivered T dose by more than 50% while maintaining equally effective suppressi...

BACKGROUND The relation between estrogen and cognition among postmenopausal women remains controversial. Also uncertain is whether the proposed association varies between women taking unopposed estrogen and those taking estrogen combined with progestin. OBJECTIVE To determine whether unopposed estrogen and combined estrogen-progestin use were associated with the rate of cognitive change in a ...

The emergence of resistant cells reduces the efficacy of many forms of drug therapy in human breast cancer. In order to understand some of the possible mechanisms by which hormonally dependent human breast cancers develop resistance to progestin therapy we have developed a human breast cancer cell line (5-RP) which is resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of progestins in culture. These ce...

CONTEXT Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases the risk of venous thrombosis. It is not known whether other factors influencing thrombosis add to this risk. OBJECTIVE To report final data on incidence of venous thrombosis in the Women's Health Initiative Estrogen Plus Progestin clinical trial and the association of hormone therapy with venous thrombosis in the setting of other thrombosis ri...

STUDY QUESTION Does surgical and low-dose progestin treatment differentially affect endometriosis-associated severe deep dyspareunia in terms of sexual functioning, psychological status and health-related quality of life? SUMMARY ANSWER Surgery and progestin treatment achieved essentially similar benefits at 12-month follow-up, but with different temporal trends. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Conse...

Estrogen plus progestin hormone therapy (HT) is associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, but few studies have examined the impact of HT use on the risk of breast cancer in younger women. We assessed the association between estrogen plus progestin HT or unopposed estrogen HT and young-onset breast cancer using data from the Two Sister Study (2008–2010), a sister-matched...