The esterification reaction between acetic acid and butanol was investigated in a reactive distillation column. The thermodynamic aspects of considered system are discussed, equilibrium constant, vapor pressures and UNIQUAC interaction parameters were investigated. Reactive distillation experiments were carried out to provide high purity butyl acetate. For this purpose, a 2 m column with nonrea...

8 Increasing oil temperature and heating duration in deep-fat frying of potato chips can improve textural quality but worsen the chemical safety of acrylamide formation. Optimal design of this complex process is formulated as a non-linear constrained optimization problem where the objective is to compute the oil temperature profile that guarantees the desired final moisture content while minimi...

Malware attacks which focus on exploiting an application to launch the payload have become major security threat. We present the methodology and algorithm which is able to detect anomaly in application behavior and prevent such type of attacks. Our approach is to represent the normal behavior of an application, detect deviations from this normal behavior and prevent them. We represent normal be...

Doping is an area of ongoing public, legal, and medical debate and in recent years it has been reported to be connected with many sports including athletics, cycling, body building, soccer, and swimming. Ethical issues related to doping include the honesty of the sports competition and the safety of drugs and other methods applied to improve the physical performance. These issues are of increas...

background: stress is a nonspecific reaction to everything the body needs. although occupational stress exists in every occupation, it is seen with more frequency and intensity amongst those occupations related to human health. in this study, we aimed to investigate the level of occupational stress in operating room staffs working in the hospitals affiliated to isfahan university of medical sci...

This paper presents an investigation of different islanding detection techniques which focus on operating parameters. These parameters are to decide whether the system will be islanded or not. The process is based on measuring the voltage, frequency and phase angle at the point of common coupling. The rate of change must be integrated to distinguish the changes in the system, the rate of change...

This study monitored the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and temperatures of three 43-seat tour buses with high-passenger capacities in a course of a three-day, two-night school excursion. Results showed that both driver zones and passenger zones of the tour buses achieved maximum CO2 concentrations of more than 3000 ppm, and maximum daily average concentrations of 2510.6 and 2646.9 ppm, re...

School zones are areas near schools that have lower speed limits and where illegally parked vehicles pose a threat to school children by obstructing them from the view of drivers. However, these laws are regularly flouted. Thus, we propose a novel wireless sensor network application called School zone Safety System (S3) to help regulate the speed limit and to prevent illegal parking in school z...

We consider the optimal scheduling of hydropower plants in a hydrothermal interconnected system. This problem, of outmost importance for large-scale power systems with a high proportion of hydraulic generation, requires a detailed description of the so-called hydro unit production function. In our model, we relate the amount of generated hydropower to nonlinear tailrace levels; we also take int...