In Bartling, Fehr and Schmidt (2012) we show theoretically and experimentally that it is optimal to grant discretion to workers if (i) discretion increases productivity, (ii) workers can be screened by past performance, (iii) some workers reciprocate high wages with high effort and (iv) employers pay high wages leaving rents to their workers. In this paper we show experimentally that the produc...

The relationship between productivity and biodiversity has long been an important issue in ecological research. However, in recent decades, most ecologists have primarily focused on species diversity while paying little attention to functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity (PD), especially in alpine meadow communities following fertilization. In this study, a fertilization experiment inv...

underlying representations play a crucial role in capturing predictable relations among different phonetic categories in phonological theory. Tone sandhi is a tonal alternation phenomenon in which a tone changes to a different tone in certain phonological environments. This study investigates whether Taiwanese listeners are more sensitive to the surface form of the tones or the underlying tonal...

the malmquist productivity index evaluates the productivity change of a decision making unit (dmu) between two time periods. in this current study, a method is proposed to compute the malmquist productivity index in several time periods (from the first to the last periods) in data envelopment analysis (dea) and then, the obtained malmquist productivity index is compared with malmquist productiv...

abstract governments in regional and national level try to improve economic and productivity growth by different polices. the being aware of effective factors in national and regional economic and productivity growth is essential for government success. in this paper, to being of aware determinant factors in productivity inequality, we use decomposition approach and econometric estimation for 2...

although economic and managerial literature is replete with studies that probe about productivity but only a few studies decompose it to its components (technological changes, managerial efficiency changes and scale efficiency changes)and analysis their share in productivity changes (positively or negatively). accordingly, this article attempts to explain the issue by decompose productivity to ...

This study addresses the productivity of Dutch hospitals since the start of the health systems reform in 2005. We consider DEA based measures, which include efficiency and quality for the complete set of Dutch hospitals and present cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. In particular, we consider how hospital efficiency has developed. As the reform created an environment of regulated compet...

While various relationships between productivity and biodiversity are found in forests, the processes underlying these relationships remain unclear and theory struggles to coherently explain them. In this work, we analyse diversity-productivity relationships through an examination of forest structure (described by basal area and tree height heterogeneity). We use a new modelling approach, calle...