Two types of artificial neural networks, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and self-organizing feature map (SOM) were used to detect mastitis by automatic milking systems (AMS) using a new mastitis indicator that combined two previously reported indicators based on higher electrical conductivity (EC) and lower quarter yield (QY). Four MLPs with four combinations of inputs were developed to detect inf...

FFT and Multilayer neural networks (MLNN) have been applied to ‘Brain Computer Interface’ (BCI). In this paper, in order to extract features of mental tasks, individual feature of brain waves of each channel is emphasized. Since the brain wave in some interval can be regarded as a vector, Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization is applied for this purpose. There exists degree of freedom in the channel o...

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare monogenetic disorder leading to dysfunction of acid β-glucosidase (β-glucocerebrosidase; GCase) and accumulation of glucosylceramide in lysosomes, especially in macrophages (Gaucher cells). Many of the mutations at the origin of GD do not impair the catalytic activity of GCase, but cause misfolding and subsequent degradation by the quality control system at the en...

GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease are autosomal recessive diseases caused by the defect in the lysosomal β-galactosidase (β-Gal), frequently related to misfolding and subsequent endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Pharmacological chaperone (PC) therapy is a newly developed molecular therapeutic approach by using small molecule ligands of the mutant enzyme that are able to promo...

Introduction: Rapid imaging techniques now allow for the acquisition of volumetric, time-resolved, phase contrast (PC) images with three directional velocity encoding. Covering large vascular territories with a single 4D PC MRI makes choosing the proper velocity encoding (Venc) challenging. If the Venc is too low for a vessel of interest, velocity aliasing occurs. If chosen too high, the veloci...

Abstract Introduction Perception of penile curvature (PC) varies widely, and correction PC is in the eye beholder. Objective We sought to investigate if patients with Peyronie’s Disease (PD) had differing opinions on compared general andrology (AD) without PD urology (URO) patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered adult clinics at 3 geographically separate institutions. Patien...

The Eigenstrat method, based on principal components analysis (PCA), is commonly used both to quantify population relationships in population genetics and to correct for population stratification in genome-wide association studies. However, it can be difficult to make appropriate inference about population relationships from the principal component (PC) scatter plot. Here, to better understand ...

Microsatellite DNA loci or short tandem repeats (STRs) are abundant in eukaryotic genomes and are often used for constructing phylogenetic trees of closely related populations or species. These phylogenetic trees are usually constructed by using some genetic distance measure based on allele frequency data, and there are many distance measures that have been proposed for this purpose. In the pas...

In the recent development ofwrious models of learning inspired by the PAC learning model (introduced by Valiant) there has been a trend towards models which are as representation independent as possible: We review this development and discuss the advantages of representation independence. Motivated by the research in learning, we propose a framework for studying the combinatorial properties of ...

We study a model of Probably Exactly Correct (PExact) learning that can be viewed either as the Exact model (learning from Equivalence Queries only) relaxed so that counterexamples to equivalence queries are distributionally drawn rather than adversarially chosen or as the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) model strengthened to require a perfect hypothesis. We also introduce a model of Proba...