A second-order discrete-time sliding mode observer (DSMO)-based method is proposed to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of a Li-ion battery. Unlike the first-order sliding mode approach, the proposed method eliminates the chattering phenomenon in SOC estimation. Further, a battery model with a dynamic resistance is also proposed to improve the accuracy of the battery model. Similar to actual b...

Limit-equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM) with strength reduction method (SRM) techniques are the most widely used analysis tools in slope stability assessment. Recently, researchers have reported that both factor of safety (FOS) values and failure surfaces obtained from LEM and FEM are generally in good agreement, except in some particular cases. In this paper, the FOS and...

Microarray data are often used to determine which genes are differentially expressed between groups, for example, between treatment and control groups. There are methods of determining which genes have a high probability of differential expression, but those methods depend on the estimation of probability densities. Theoretical results have shown such estimation to be unreliable when high-proba...

Location-Based Services (LBSs) for mobile communication are widely used in which location estimation is the prerequisite. We propose an Asymmetrical Probabilistic Estimation (APE) method based on the location fingerprinting. In proposed method, the signal intensity variations for each cell in each fingerprint are modeled by Gaussian distributions with asymmetrical probability density function d...

‎This article develops a direct method for solving numerically‎ ‎multi delay-fractional differential and integro-differential equations‎. ‎A Galerkin method based on Legendre polynomials is implemented for solving‎ ‎linear and nonlinear of equations‎. ‎The main characteristic behind this approach is that it reduces such problems to those of‎ ‎solving a system of algebraic equations‎. ‎A conver...