endoplasmic reticulum has a critical role in the synthesis and folding of secretory and membrane proteins. high accumulation of proteins in er activates the unfolded protein response and glucose regulated protein 78 or gpr78 plays an essential role in this pathway.  unfolded protein response is activated in cancerous cells due to their adverse condition to survive and it has been shown that grp...

Fragile X syndrome is caused by the absence of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein. The molecular mechanism of aberrant protein synthesis in fmr1 KO mice is closely associated with the role of FMRP in mRNA transport, delivery, and local protein synthesis. We show that GFP-labeled Fmr1 and CaMKIIalpha mRNAs undergo decelerated motion at 0-40 min after g...

Regulation of hexose transport was investigated in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) which develop 4- to 8-fold enhanced hexose transport activity during glucose starvation. The presence of cycloheximide in low (0.5 micrograms/ml) concentrations during starvation largely blocked the enhancement of transport activity. Glucose refeeding of CEF in the starvation state led to a decline in transport ...

Albumin is a globular protein of plasma mammalian blood participating in transport hydrophobic metabolites and drugs. Thus, studies devoted to its binding are valuable as part evaluation new potential drugs or fluorescent probes for vivo usage. Here we describe results concerning synthesis bovine serum albumin assay both silico (docking) vitro (spectrophotometric spectrofluorimetric titrations)...

Solute carrier family 45 member 2 encodes the melanosomal membrane protein, membrane-associated transporter protein (MATP), of unknown function, that is required for normal melanin synthesis. The present study analyzed the effects of two human MATP mutations, D93N, which causes oculocutaneous albinism 4 (OCA4), and L374F, which is correlated with light pigmentation in European populations. Corr...

Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of grey mould disease and a non-host necrotrophic pathogen of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Recent evidence suggests that pathogen challenge can alter carbon uptake in plant cells; however, little is known on how elicitor-derived signalling pathways control sugar transport activity. P. pinaster suspended cells are able to absorb D-[14C]glucose with high af...

Yeast members of the ORMDL family of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane proteins play a central role in lipid homeostasis and protein quality control. In the absence of yeast Orm1 and Orm2, accumulation of long chain base, a sphingolipid precursor, suggests dysregulation of sphingolipid synthesis. Physical interaction between Orm1 and Orm2 and serine palmitoyltransferase, responsible for the f...

Addition of urea to an uninduced culture of Saccharomyces at 22 C results in appearance of allophanate hydrolase activity after a lag of 12 min. We have previously demonstrated that both ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein synthesis are needed for this induction to occur. To elucidate the time intervals occupied by known processes involved in induction, temperature-sensitive mutants defective in...

Long-term memory is dependent on protein synthesis and inhibiting such synthesis following training results in amnesia for the task. Proteins synthesized during training must be transported to the synapse and disrupting microtubules with Colchicines, and hence, blocking transport, results in transient amnesia. Reactivating memory for a previously learned avoidance triggers a biochemical cascade...

We have studied the transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB)-3-(14)C and its response to cortisol and cycloheximide in vitro in blood lymphocytes from untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The accumulation of AIB-3-(14)C increased in a linear fashion for 60 min, and reached an apparent steady state in 120 min. The initial rate of AIB accumulation (V(o)) varied from 1.1 to 1...