The shuttle plasmid pGK12, as well as several Staphylococcus aureus plasmids, was introduced into Streptococcus lactis by intergeneric protoplast fusion with Bacillus subtilis. The S. aureus plasmids were stably inherited in S. lactis, and so they may possibly be used as cloning vectors in lactic streptococci.

Cells of the osmotolerant yeast Saccharomyces rouxii were transformed to protoplasts in good yield (85%) by digesting cell walls with snail-gut enzyme in the presence of 10 mM dithioerythritol, 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and 2.0 M KCl. The requirement for 2.0 M KCl compares with that for S. bisporus var. mellis (another osmotolerant species) and contrasts with the 0.3 to 0.8 M KCl ...

Rapid transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium (Ca(2+)) levels in plant cells is an early signaling event triggered by many environmental cues including abiotic and biotic stresses. Cellular Ca(2+) levels and their alterations can be monitored by genetically encoded reporter systems such as the bioluminescent protein, aequorin. Employment of proteinaceous Ca(2+) sensors is usually performed i...

When the cell wall of Bacillus subtilis is removed by lysozyme and the resultant protoplasts are plated on hypertonic soft agar medium, each protoplast forms an L colony. L bodies from such L colonies again plate as L-colony-forming units (CFU). However, if protoplasts or L bodies are "conditioned" by 1 h of incubation in 0.4% casein hydrolysate medium and then incubated in 25% gelatin medium f...

Passive permeabilities of the cell wall and protoplast of Bacillus megaterium strain KM were characterized by use of 50 hydrophilic probing molecules (tritiated water, sugars, dextrans, glycols, and polyglycols) which varied widely in size. Weight per cent uptake values (R(w)) were measured at diffusional equilibrium under conditions that negated the influences of adsorption or active transport...

Weimberg, Ralph (Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Ill.), and William L. Orton. Synthesis and breakdown of the polyphosphate fraction and acid phosphomonoesterase of Saccharomyces mellis and their locations in the cell. J. Bacteriol. 89:740-747. 1965.-The conditions for accumulation of polyphosphate in cells of Saccharomyces mellis differ in several respects from those for acid pho...

Background: Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, in particular xylose, is currently of great concern, given the abundance of this sugar in the world, because Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is widely used for bioethanol production, is unable to naturally ferment xylose. The aim of this study was to obtain a novel yeast capable of stably producing ethanol from biomass containing x...

Objective: To improve the strain of Pleurotus mushroom by protoplast fusion technique Methods: The white rot fungus Pleurotus species was isolated from fresh fruiting body of Oyster mushroom by spore print technique and was cultured on Potato dextrose agar. The selected strain was identified based on the morphological and cultural characters on Potato dextrose agar. The protoplasts were isolate...

BACKGROUND Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major crop extensively cultivated in the tropics as both an important source of calories and a promising source for biofuel production. Although stable gene expression have been used for transgenic breeding and gene function study, a quick, easy and large-scale transformation platform has been in urgent need for gene functional characterization...

Constraints and opportunities inherent in a cellular existence in which the living protoplast is surrounded by a more-or-less rigid wall have given rise to a number of uniquely botanical modes of cytoskeletal form and function. These are summarized here, with special reference to the concept of a structurally and functionally integrated cytoplasmic matrix . The cell wall possesses at least some...