In this paper we study particular classes of pseudo-BCK algebras, bounded or not bounded, as pseudo-BCK(pP) algebras, pseudo-BCK(pP) lattices, pseudo-Hájek(pP) algebras and pseudo-Wajsberg algebras. We introduce new classes of pseudo-BCK(pP) lattices, we establish hierarchies and we give some examples. We work with left-defined algebras and we work with → and ; as primitive operations, not with...

We study a recently discovered class of models for plateau bursting, inspired by models for endocrine pituitary cells. In contrast to classical models for fold-homoclinic (square-wave) bursting, the spikes of the active phase are not supported by limit cycles of the frozen fast subsystem, but are transient oscillations generated by unstable limit cycles emanating from a subcritical Hopf bifurca...

The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) model is an effective approach for the electrostatics analysis of solvated biomolecules. The nonlinearity associated with the PB equation is critical when the underlying electrostatic potential is strong, but is extremely difficult to solve numerically. In this paper, we construct two operator splitting alternating direction implicit (ADI) schemes to efficiently and s...

It is often desirable to study turbulent flows at steady state even if the flow has no inherent source of turbulence kinetic energy. Doing so requires a forcing schema, and various methods applicable to laboratory experiments or numerical simulations have been studied extensively for turbulence that is isotropic and homogeneous in three dimensions. A review of existing schemata for simulations ...

In this paper we reconsider a series expansion for a dark matter distribution function in the spherically symmetric anisotropic limit. We show here that the expansion may be renormalized so that the series does converge in time to an estimate of the steady state distribution function in the central regions. Subsequently we use this distribution function to discuss the nature of the central equi...

We present simultaneous pseudo-timestepping as an efficient method for aerodynamic shape optimization. In this method, instead of solving the necessary optimality conditions by iterative techniques, pseudo-time embedded nonstationary system is integrated in time until a steady state is reached. The main advantages of this method are that it requires no additional globalization techniques and th...

the aim of this article is to extend the study of the lorentz transformation of order (m,n) from m=1 and n>=1 to all m,n>=1, obtaining algebraic structures called a bi-gyrogroup and a bi-gyrovector space. a bi-gyrogroup is a gyrogroup each gyration of which is a pair of a left gyration and a right gyration. a bi-gyrovector space is constructed from a bi-gyrocommutative bi-gyrogroup that admits ...

nanocomposites of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide (mwcnt/tio2) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. regarding hydrophobicity of carbon nanotubes (cnts), benzyl alcohol was used as the linking agent between cnt powder and tio2 gel which was prepared from the precursor of titanium tetraisopropoxide. the prepared samples were treated under thermal treatments. a part of the sa...

We investigate the performance of several preconditioned Conjugate-Gradient-like algorithms and a standard stationary iterative method (block-line-SOR) on linear systems of equations as they arise from a nonlinear elliptic ame sheet problem simulation. The nonlinearity forces a pseudo-transient continuation process that makes the problem parabolic and thus compacts the spectrum of the Jacobian ...

We show how mixed finite element methods that satisfy the conditions of finite element exterior calculus can be used for the horizontal discretisation of dynamical cores for numerical weather prediction on pseudo-uniform grids. This family of mixed finite element methods can be thought of in the numerical weather prediction context as a generalisation of the popular polygonal C-grid finite diff...