problems of emphasis rather than fact exist. The advantages of enteral over parenteral nutritional support are mentioned only as cursory notes. In addition to protection from atrophy of the GI tract, the lower costs of enteral support mandate its use whenever possible. Similarly, the weighty ethical issues involved in hyperalimentation of the terminally ill patient are only briefly mentioned in...

problems of emphasis rather than fact exist. The advantages of enteral over parenteral nutritional support are mentioned only as cursory notes. In addition to protection from atrophy of the GI tract, the lower costs of enteral support mandate its use whenever possible. Similarly, the weighty ethical issues involved in hyperalimentation of the terminally ill patient are only briefly mentioned in...

Monitoring the potential for abuse and dependence of psychoactive substances falls within the scope of international conventions on narcotic drugs. At the European level, this monitoring is based on activities controlled by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) for substance abuse in general and by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for marketed drugs, in the con...

In our Western culture psychoactive substances are usually regarded as ‘drugs’. However, in many other societies, all over the world and throughout human history, such substances have been used as sacraments, that is, principal instruments of religious rituals and spiritual work. Indeed, nowadays, an increasing number of people refer to the psychoactive agents more generally known as psychedeli...

This review focused on seven psychoactive drugs being six benzodiazepines (alprazolam, bromazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, and oxazepam) and one antidepressant (citalopram) widely consumed by modern society and detected in different aqueous matrices (drinking water, surface water, groundwater, seawater, estuary water, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants). The review in...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and factors associated with use psychoactive drugs amongst medical undergraduate postgraduate students. Study Design: A cross-sectional conducted using a self-administered questionnaire obtain information on consumption patterns substances. Place Duration: carried out at Department Psychiatry, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, P...