The purpose of the hot rolling mill is to make a preheated steel block thinner and longer, see Figure 1. This is done by pulling the plate through two parallel rolls mounted in the rolling mill. Due to the large forces obtained in hot rolling, the elastic de ection of the rolling mill is of the same order of magnitude as the plate thickness. Variations in the rolling force caused by variations ...

Investigations of molecular bonds between single molecules and molecular complexes by the dynamic force spectroscopy are subject to large fluctuations at nanoscale and possible other aspecific binding, which mask the experimental output. Big efforts are devoted to develop methods for effective selection of the relevant experimental data, before taking the quantitative analysis of bond parameter...

Mechanical manipulation at the single molecule level of proteins exhibiting mechanical stability poses a technical challenge that has been almost exclusively approached by atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. However, due to mechanical drift limitations, AFM techniques are restricted to experimental recordings that last less than a minute in the high-force regime. Here we demonstrate a nov...

For the first time we report that by introducing sub-nm roughness on a Si surface, the energy coupling between a single layer graphene (SLG) and the Si substrate can be improved substantially. This is contrary to the traditional view that a rough surface contact will weaken the energy coupling, rather than improve it. Periodical grooves of 2 nm width and 2 nm spacing are introduced on the surfa...

Foldamers constructed from oligomers of β-peptides form stable secondary helix structures already for small chain lengths, which makes them ideal candidates for the investigation of the (un)folding of polypeptides. Here, the results of molecular simulations of the mechanical unfolding of a β-heptapeptide in methanol solvent revealing the detailed unfolding pathway are reported. The unfolding pr...

The centrosome position in many types of interphase cells is actively maintained in the cell center. Our previous work indicated that the centrosome is kept at the center by pulling force generated by dynein and actin flow produced by myosin contraction and that an unidentified factor that depends on microtubule dynamics destabilizes position of the centrosome. Here, we use modeling to simulate...

Expression of a large fraction of genes in bacteria is controlled by riboswitches, which are found in the untranslated region of mRNA. Structurally riboswitches have a conserved aptamer domain to which a metabolite binds, resulting in a conformational change in the downstream expression platform. Prediction of the functions of riboswitches requires a quantitative description of the folding land...

Somendra M. Bhattacharjee Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751 005, India [email protected] (February 1, 2008) Based on the result of an unzipping phase transition by a force in a model of DNA, we hypothesize that the DnaA-type proteins act as a pulling agent with a force slightly less than the critical force for unzipping. The dynamic (space-time) correlation of unzipping then drives the subs...

BACKGROUND Pelvic circumferential compression devices are designed to stabilize the pelvic ring and reduce the volume of the pelvis following trauma. It is uncertain whether pelvic circumferential compression devices can be safely applied for all types of pelvic fractures because the effects of the devices on the reduction of fracture fragments are unknown. The aim of this study was to compare ...

The deflection of a cantilever is measured using a laser beam and position-sensing detector to obtain force and displacement for both imaging and force spectroscopy. In force spectroscopy, the cantilever is attached to one end of the protein or DNA sample while the other end is immobilized on the surface. The force and position of the tip are measured as the surface is moved away from the tip, ...