Interest in the recent literature on alveolar cell tumors of the lung has centered about the disagreement as to their histogenesis. With regard to their development from the alveolar lining, Bensley and Bensley’ believe that a continuous layer of epithelial cells line the alveoli. Others feel that the alveoli have a discontinuous epithelial lining, and some think that no true epithellal lining ...

BACKGROUND Etorphine, a potent opioid agonist, causes pulmonary hypertension and respiratory depression. Whether etorphine-induced pulmonary hypertension negatively influences pulmonary gas exchange and exacerbates the effects of ventilator depression and the resultant hypoxemia is unknown. To determine if these effects occurred we instrumented twelve goats with peripheral and pulmonary arteria...

Introduction: PreOperative is a stage that begins when there decision to perform the surgical intervention and ends patient sent operating table. Objective: Know level of anxiety in preoperative patients. Method: This study uses descriptive analysis design with case approach. Researchers made observations on two subjects, will be measured using Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HARS) questionn...

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn is a disorder with failure to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance after birth. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn happens in one out of 500 live births with a mortality rate 10-50%. Right after birth the pulmonary vascular resistance decreases drastically within a few minutes when oxygen enters into the fluid-filled alveoli. Fail...

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology characterized by accumulations of lipoproteinaceous material within the alveoli. The alveolar macrophages become increasingly foamy, and are thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of PAP. However, the mechanisms of macrophage recruitment are unclear. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of four patients with P...

Alveolar macrophages (AM␾) have been implicated in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment to the lungs during sepsis. Using an in vivo murine model of sepsis (feces in the peritoneum), we show that peritonitis leads to increased activation of AM␾ and PMN migration into pulmonary alveoli. To assess cellular mechanisms, an in vitro construct of the pulmonary vascular-interstitial inter...

A4-year old boy with D-transposition of the great arteries, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, and a hypoplastic left ventricle with mitral atresia underwent a Fontan operation. He had previously been treated with neonatal balloon atrial septostomy followed by a left modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and, at the age of 2 years, a Hemi-Fontan operation was performed. The Fontan opera...

Lipoid pneumonia (LP) is due to the accumulation of either endogenous or exogenous lipids in the alveoli. The exogenous LP (ELP) results from the chronic aspiration or inhalation of animal, vegetable, or mineral oils or fatty substances that by reaching the pulmonary alveoli cause a foreign body-type inflammatory reaction of lung parenchyma, associated with fibrosis, necrosis, and possible cavi...

Sepsis stimulates an increase in the number and activity of mononuclear phagocytes in systemic host-defence organs. The present study was conducted to define the ultrastructural and cytochemical characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes that sequester in the lung microvasculature of septic rats. Fourteen rats were challenged with a single intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.5 ml/100 g), ...

Acute lung injury leading to acute respiratory distress (ARDS) is a global health concern. ARDS patients have significant pulmonary inflammation leading to flooding of the pulmonary alveoli. This prevents normal gas exchange with consequent hypoxemia and causes mortality. A thin fluid layer in the alveoli is normal. The maintenance of this thin layer results from fluid movement out of the pulmo...