The paper describes a general method for analysis of time courses of transmembrane voltage induced by time-varying electric fields. Using this method, a response to a wide variety of time-varying fields can be studied. We apply it to different field shapes used for Ž . electroporation and electrofusion: rectangular pulses, trapezoidal pulses approximating rectangular pulses with finite rise tim...

⎯Previous studies show that exposure to high-voltage electric fields would influence the electrocardiogram both in experimental animals and human beings. The effects of the external electric fields upon action potential of cardiac cells are studied in this paper based on the dynamical model, LR91. Fourthorder Runger-Kuta is used to analyze the change of potassium ion channels exposed to externa...

Two-dimensional infrared spectra of peptides are introduced that are the direct analogues of two- and three-pulse multiple quantum NMR. Phase matching and heterodyning are used to isolate the phase and amplitudes of the electric fields of vibrational photon echoes as a function of multiple pulse delays. Structural information is made available on the time scale of a few picoseconds. Line narrow...

The increasing needs for environmental friendly antifouling coatings have led to investigation of new alternatives for replacing copper and TBT-based paints. In this study, results are presented from larval settlement assays of the barnacle Amphibalanus (= Balanus) amphitrite on planar, interdigitated electrodes (IDE), having 8 or 25 mum of inter-electrode spacing, upon the application of pulse...

Comprehensive characterization of ultrafast optical field is critical for ultrashort pulse generation and its application. This paper combines two-step phase-shifting (TSPS) into the spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) to improve the reconstruction of ultrafast optical-fields. This novel SPIDER can remove experimentally the dc portion occurring in tra...

E. coli can be transformed to extremely high efficiencies by subjecting a mixture of cells and DNA to brief but intense electrical fields of exponential decay waveform (electroporation). We have obtained 10(9) to 10(10) transformants/micrograms with strains LE392 and DH5 alpha, and plasmids pUC18 and pBR329. The process is highly dependent on two characteristics of the electrical pulse: the ele...

The electric field produced in the brain is the main physical agent of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Inter-subject variations in the electric fields may help to explain the variability in the effects of tDCS. Here, we use multiple-subject analysis to study the strength and variability of the group-level electric fields in the standard brain space. Personalized anatomically-acc...

An effect of an electric field on proliferation and on differentiation of cultured muscle cells has been studied in vitro. C2C12 (the mouse myoblast cell line originated with the cross-striated muscle of C3H mouse) was exposed to electric stimuli. In the first experiment, the adhered cells were exposed to the electric field between two electrodes made of platinum wire of 0.2 mm diameter dipped ...

AC electric fields induce redistribution of integral membrane proteins. Cell-surface receptor redistribution does not consistently follow electric field lines and depends critically on the frequency of the applied ac electric fields, suggesting that mechanisms other than electroosmosis are involved. We hypothesized that cytoskeletal reorganization is responsible for electric field-induced cell-...

BACKGROUND Exposure of cells to electric fields is a commonly used technique for parthenogenesis, cloning and tetraploid embryo production. However, little is known about possible detrimental effects of electric fields on embryos and their development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of electric fields on early preimplantation development in mice and rats. METHODS Mouse a...