BACKGROUND Standardisation is required in research, so are approval procedures for advanced therapy medical products and other procedures for articular cartilage therapies. The process of creating samples needs to be reproducible. The aim of this study was to design, create and validate instruments (1) to create reproducible and accurate defects and (2) to isolate samples in the shape of osteoc...

The selective forces that played a role in the evolution of the musculoskeletal system of the genus Homo have long been debated and remain poorly understood. In this investigation, we introduce a new approach for testing alternative hypotheses. Our analysis is based on the premise that natural selection can be expected to have resulted in muscles that are large enough to achieve necessary level...

Abstract Punching represents one of the most frequently used manufacturing processes in sheet metal processing industry. Thereby, important quality criteria for such punching constitutes geometric shape cutting surface. High surface qualities are usually characterized by lowest possible edge draw in, a high clean cut, as well small fracture and low burr height. In this respect, conventional can...

Slabs punching shear capacity for normal strength concrete (NSC) and high has been investigated in this paper. Due to the significance of technology construction industry, more attention paid Then, detailed comparison is carried evaluate outcome by referring several existing standards. tests have collected from reported results literature. Forty-seven tested slab specimens grouped available pub...